Group lV.No.157 



Price 10 cents 




ATHI/ETIC I/IBRARY 



UV iiii'J 



P3 
911 



■^mssr^ 



?s Sis:-- 






HOW to 
PLAY 

LAWN;- 



Tennis 



^^^ American Sports Publishing Co^^ 

S^t^W. I,,.".,^^^^ 2lWarren Street, New York. ir"N,>..,trfini 




Class 

Book 

Copyright}!^- 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



a^-T) 



Spalding's 



Athletic Library 

Anticipating the present ten- 
dency of the American people 
toward a healthful method of living- 
and enjoyment, Spalding's Athletic 
Library was established in 1892 for 
the purp'ose of encouraging ath- 
letics in every form, not only by 
publishing the official rules and 
records pertaining to the various 
pastimes, but also by instructing, 
until to-day Spalding's Athletic 
Library is unique in its own par- 
ticular field and has been conceded 
the greatest educational series on 
athletic and physical training sub- 
jects that has ever been compiled. 
The publication of a distinct 
series of books devoted to athletic 
sports and pastimes and designed 
to occupy the premier place in 
America in its class was an early 
idea of Mr. A. G. Spalding, who 
was one of the first in America 
to publish a handbook devoted to 
athletic sports, Spalding's Official 
Base Ball Guide being the initial 
number, which was followed at intervals with other handbooks on the 
sports prominent in the '70s. 

Spalding's Athletic Library has had the advice and counsel of Mr. A. G. 
Spalding in all of its undertakings, and particularly in all books devoted 
to the national game. This applies especially to Spalding's Official 
Base Ball Guide and Spalding's Official Base Ball Record, both of which 
receive the personal attention of Mr. A. G. Spalding, owing to his early 
connection with the game as the leading pitcher of the champion Boston 
and Chicago teams of 1872-76. His interest does not stop, however, with 
matters pertaining to base ball; there is not a sport that Mr. Spalding 
does not make it his business to become familiar with, and that the 
Library will always maintain its premier place, with Mr. Spalding's able 
counsel at hand, goes without saying. 

The entire series since the issue of the first number has been under 
the direct personal supervision of Mr. James E. Sullivan, President 
of the American Sports Publishing Company, and the total series of 
consecutive numbers reach an aggregate of considerably over three 
hundred, included in which are many "annuals," that really constitute 
the history of their particular sport in America year by year, back copies 
of which are even now eagerly sought for, constituting as they do the 
really first authentic records of events and official rules that have ever 
been consecutively compiled. 

When Spalding's Athletic Library was founded, seventeen years ago, 
track and field athletics were practically unknown outside the larger 
colleges and a few athletic clubs in the leading cities, which gave occa- 
sional meets, when an entry list of 250 competitors was a subject of com- 
ment; golf was known only by a comparatively few persons; lawn tennis 
had some vogue and ba^e ball was practically the only established field 




Spalding 



EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

sport, and that in a professional way; basket ball had just been invented; 
athletics for the schoolboy — and schoolgirl— were almost unknown, and 
an advocate of class contests in athletics in the schools could not get a 
hearing. To-day we find the greatest body of athletes in the world is 
the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, which has had 
an entry list at its 'annual games of over two thousand, and in whose 
"elementary series" in base ball last year 106 schools competed for the 
trophy emblematic of the championship. 

While Spalding's Athletic Library cannot claim that the rapid growth 
of athletics in this country is due to it solely, the fact cannot be denied 
that the books have had a great deal to do witl^ its encouragement, by 
printing the official rules and instructions for plajs^ the various games 
at a nominal price, within the reach of everyone, w^+h the sole object 
that its series might be complete and the one place'-^.yhere a person 
could look with absolute certainty for the particular boolik'"n which he 
might be interested. ^'" u 

In selecting the editors and writers for the various books, tikp. lead- 
ing authority in his particular line has been obtained, with the'r^^ult 
that no collection of books on athletic subjects can compare with 
Spalding's Athletic Library for the prominence of the various authors 
and their ability to present their subjects in a thorough and practical 
manner. 

A short sketch of a few of those who have edited some of the lead- 
ing numbers of Spalding's Athletic Library is given herewith : 



JAMES E. SULLIVAN 

President American Sports Publishing Com- 
pany; entered the publishing house of Frank 
Leslie in 1878, and has been connected continu- 
ously with the publishing business since then 
and also as athletic editor of various New 
York papers; was a competing athlete; one of 
the organizers of the Amateur Athletic Union 
of the United States; has been actively on its 
board of governors since its organization until 
the present time, and President for two suc- 
cessive terms; has attended every champion- 
ship meeting in America since 1879 and has officiated in some capacity in 
connection with American amateur championships track and field games 
for nearly twenty-five years; assistant American director Olympic Games, 
Piris, 1900; director Pan-American Exposition athletic department, 1901; 
chief department physical culture Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. 
Louis, 1904; secretary American Committee Olympic Games, at Athens, 
1935; honorary director of Athletics at Jamestown Exposition, 1907; secre- 
tary American Committee Olympic Games, at London, 1908; member of 
the Pastime A. C, New York: honorary member Missouri A. C, St. Louis; 
honorary member Olympic A. C, San Francisco; ex-president Pastime 
A. C, New Jersey A. C, Knickerbocker A. C; president Metropolitan 
Association of the A. A. U. for fifteen years; president Outdoor Recrea- 
tion League; with Dr. Luther H. Gulick organized the Public Schools 
Athletic League of New York, and is now chairman of its games commit- 
tee and member executive committee; was a pioneer in playground work 
and one of the organizers of the Outdoor Recreation League of New York ; 
appointed by President Roosevelt as special commissioner to the Olympic 
Games at Athens, 1906, and decorated by King George I. of the Hellenes 
(Greece) for his services in connection with the Olympic Games; ap- 
pointed special commissioner by President Roosevelt to the Olympic 
Games at London, 1908; appointed by Mayor McClellan, 1908, as member 
of the Board of Education of Greater New York. 




EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 




WALTER CAMP 

For quarter of a century Mr. Walter Camp 
of Yale has occupied a leading position in col- 
lege athletics. It is immaterial what organiza- 
tion is suggested for college athletics, or for 
the betterment of conditions, insofar as college 
athletics is concerned, Mr. Camp has always 
played an important part in its conferences, 
and the great interest in and high plane of 
college sport to-day. are undoubtedly due more 
to Mr. Camp than to any other individual. Mr. 
Camp has probably written more on college 
athletics th^n any other writer and the leading papers and maga- 
zines of xmerica are always anxious to secure his expert opinion on foot 
ball, t' ack and field athletics, base ball and rowing. Mr. Camp has grown 
up V ith Yale athletics and is a part of Yale's remarkable athletic system. 
V'nile he has been designated as the "Father of Foot Ball," it is a well 
Known fact that during his college career Mr. Camp was regarded as one 
of the. best players that ever represented Yale on the base ball field, so 
when we hear of Walter Camp as a foot ball expert we must also remem- 
ber his remarkable knowledge of the game of base ball, of which he is a 
great admirer. Mr. Camp has edited Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 
since it was first published, and also the Spalding Athletic Library book 
on How to Play Foot Ball. There is certainly no man in American college 
life better qualified to write for Spalding's Athletic Library than Mr. 
Camp. 



DR. LUTHER HALSEY GULICK 

The leading exponent of physical training 
in America; one who has worked hard to im- 
press the value of physical training in the 
schools; when physical training was combined 
with education at the St. Louis Exposition in 
1904 Dr. Gulick played an important part in 
that congress; he received several awards for 
his good work and had many honors conferred 
upon him; he is the author of a great many 
books on the subject; it was Dr. Gulick, who, 
acting on the suggestion of James E. Sullivan, 
organized the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, and 
was its first Secretary; Dr. Gulick was also for several years Director of 
Physical Training in the public schools of Greater New York, resigning 
the position to assume the Presidency of the Playground Association of 
America. Dr. Gulick is an authority on all subjects pertaining to phys- 
ical training and the study of the child. 





JOHN B. FOSTER 

Successor to the late Henry Chadwick 
("Father of Base Ball") as editor of Spald- 
ing's Official Base Ball Guide; sporting editor 
of the New York Evening Telegram; has 
been in the newspaper business for many 
years and is recognized throughout America 
as a leading writer on the national game; a 
staunch supporter of organized base ball, 
his pen has always been used for the better- 
ment of the game. 



EDITORS OF SPALDING' S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 




TIM MURNANE 

Base Ball editor of the Boston Globe and 
President of the New England Leagrue of 
Base Ball Clubs; one of the best known base 
ball men of the country; known from coast 
to coast; is a keen follower of the game and 
prominent in all its councils; nearly half a 
century ago was one of America's foremost 
players: knows the game thoroughly and 
writes from the point of view both of player 
and an official. 




HARRY PHILIP BURCHELL 

Sporting editor of the New York Times; 
graduate of the University of Pennsylvania; 
editor of Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis 
Annual; is an authority on the game; follows 
the movements of the players minutely and 
understands not only tennis but all other sub- 
jects that can be classed as athletics; no one 
is better qualified to edit this book than Mr. 
Burchell. 



GEORGE T. HEPBRON 

Former Young Men's Christian Association 
director; for many years an official of the 
Athletic League of Young Men's Christian 
Associations of North America ; was con- 
nected with Dr. Luther H. Gulick in Young 
Men's Christian Association work for over 
twelve years; became identified with basket 
ball when it was in its infancy and has fol- 
lowed it since, being recognized as the lead- 
ing exponent of the official rules; succeeded 
Dr. Gulick as editor of the Official Basket Ball 

Guide and also editor of the Spalding Athletic Library book on How to 

Play Basket Ball. 





JAMES S. MITCHEL 

Former champion weight thrower; holder 
of numerous records, and is the winner of 
more championships than any other individual 
in the history of sport ; Mr. Mitchel is a close 
student of athletics and well qualified to write 
upon any topic connected with athletic sport ; 
has been for years on the staff of the New 
York Sun. 



EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



MICHAEL C. MURPHV 

The world's most famous athletic trainer; 
the champion athletes that he has developed 
for track and field sports, foot ball and base ball 
fields, would run into thousands; he became 
famous when at Yale University and has 
been particularly successful in developing 
what might be termed championship teams; 
his rare good judgment has placed him in an 
enviable position in the athletic world; now 
with the University of Pennsylvania ; dur- 
ing his career has trained only at two col- 
leges and one athletic club, Yale and the 
Uni-rersity of Pennsylvania and Detroit Athletic Club; his most recent 
triumph was that of training the famous American team of athletes 
that swept the field at the Olympic Games of 1908 at London. 





DR. C. WARD CRAMPTON 

Succeeded Dr. Gulick as director of physical 
training in the schools of Greater New York: 
as secretary of the Public Schools Athletic 
League is at the head of the most remarkable 
organization of its kind in the world; is a 
practical athlete and gymnast himself, and 
has been for years connected with the physi- 
cal training system in the schools of Greater 
New York, having had charge of the High 
School of Commerce. 




DR. GEORGE J. FISHER 

Has been connected with Y. M. C. A. work 
for many years as physical director at Cincin- 
nati and Brooklyn, where he made such a high 
reputation as organizer that he was chosen to 
succeed Dr. Luther H. Gulick as Secretary of 
the Athletic League of Y. M. C. A.'s of North 
America, when the latter resigned to take 
charge of the physical training in the Public 
Schools of Greater New York. 



DR. GEORGE ORTON 

On athletics, college athletics, particularly 
track and field, foot ball, soccer foot ball and 
trammg of the youth, it would be hard to find 
one better qualified than Dr. Orton; has had 
the necessary athletic experience and the 
ability to impart that experience intelligently 
to the youth of the land; for years was the 
American, British and Canadian champion 
runner. 



EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 








FREDERICK R. TOOMBS 

A well known authority on skating, rowing, 
boxing, racquets, and other athletic sports; 
was sporting editor of American Press Asso- 
ciation, New York; dramatic editor; is a law- 
yer and has served several terms as a member 
of Assembly of the Legislature of the State of 
New York; has written several novels and 
historical works. 



R. L. WELCH 

A resident of Chicago; the popularity of 
indoor base ball is chiefly due to his efforts; 
a player himself of no mean ability; a first- 
class organizer; he has followed the game of 
indoor base ball from its inception. 



DR. HENJ^Y vS. ANDERSON 

Has been connected with Yale University 
for years and is a recognized authority on 
gymnastics; is admitted to be one of the lead- 
ing authorities in America on gymnastic sub- 
jects; is the author of many books on physical 
training. 



CHARLES M. DANIELS 

Just the man to write an authoritative 
book on swimming; the fastest swimmer the 
world has ever known; member New York 
Athletic Club swimming team and an Olym- 
pic champion at Athens in 1906 and London, 
1908. In his book on Swimming, Champion 
Daniels describes just the methods one must 
use to become an expert swimmer. 

GUSTAVE BOJUS 

Mr. Bojus is most thoroughly qualified to 
write intelligently on all subjects pertaining 
to gymnastics and athletics; in his day one 
of America's most famous amateur athletes; 
has competed successfully in gymnastics and 
many other sports for the New York Turn 
Verein; for twenty years he has been prom- 
inent in teaching gymnastics and athletics; 
was responsible for the famous gymnastic 
championship teams of Columbia University; 
now with the Jersey City high schools. 




EDITORS OF SPALDING^ S_ATHLETrC LIBRARY 



CHARLES JACOBUS 

nn^'^^'^A'''* ^ ^^ *^® "Father of Roque;" 
one of America's most expert players win- 

TnTgol'" an^r^H^" Championship^'atVt'Loi^s 
in iyu4 an ardent supporter of the game 
and follows it minutely, and much of tTe 
success of roque is due to his untiring efforts- 
certainly there is, no one better qSflified to 
write on this subject than Mr. Jacobus 



DR. E. B. WAR MAN 

Well known as a physical training exnert- 
was probably one of the first to entefthe f eld 
?eft-'V.^f author of many books on thlLi- 
he'coun S" ""^"^'-^^^ ^--"^ y--r all over 



W. J. CROMIE 

Now with the University of Pennsylvania- 
was formerly a Y. M. C. A. physical d^rlcto?' 
autW n?"^^"* ^£ ^^} gymnastic matters; the 
rphysicll"J?aTniSS:'^ ^" ^^^^'^^^^ ^-^-"^ 






G. M. MARTIN 




By profession a physical director of the 
Jtudent of^" fl ^^."^tian Association; a close 
student of all things gymnastic, and games 
for the classes m the gymnasium or clubs^ 



PROF. SENAC 

A leader in the fencing world ; has main- 
tained a fencing school in New York for 
years and developed a great many cham- 
pions; understands the science of fencing 
thoroughly and the benefits to be ('erived 
therefrom. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



CL 



Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now 
; j in print, grouped lor ready reference ^ — 

SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS 



1 Spalding's Official 
lA Spalding's Official 
IC Spalding's Official 

2 Spalding's Official 
2A Spalding's Official 

3 Spalding's Official 

4 Spalding's Official 

5 Spalding's Official 

6 Spalding's Official 

7 Spalding 
7A Spalding 



Base Ball Guide 

Base Ball Record 

Collegiate Base Ball Annual 

Foot Ball Guide 

Soccer Foot Ball Guide 

Cricket Guide 

Lawn Tennis Annual 

Golf Guide 

Ice Hockey Guide 
Official Basket Ball Guide 
Official Women's Basket Ball Guide 



8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide 

9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide 
10 Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide 

12 Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac 
I2A Spalding's Official Athletic Rules 



Group I. Base Bail 

No.l Spalding' s Official Base Ball Guide 
No. lA Official Base Ball Record. 

Collegiate Base Ball Annual. 

How to Play Base Ball. 

How to Bat. 

How to Run Bases. 

How to Pitch. 

How to Catch. 

How to Play First Base. 

How to Play Second Base. 

How to Play Third Base. 

How to Play Shortstop. 

How to Play the Outfield. 

How to Organize a Base Ball 
League. [Club. 

How to Organize a Base Ball 

How to Manage a Base Ball 
Club. 

How toTrain aBaseBallTeam 

How to Captain a Base Ball 

How to Umpire a Game. [Team 

Technical Base Ball Terms. 

Ready Reckoner of Base Ball 
Percentages. 

How to Score. 
BASE BALL AUXILIARIES 
No. 348 Minor League Base Ball Guide 
No. 352 Official Book National League 

of Prof. Base Ball Clubs. 
No. 340 Official Handbook National 
Playground Ball Assn. 

Group II. Foot Bail 

No.2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Giiide 
No. 344 ADigest of the Foot Ball Rules 

How to Play Foot Ball. 

Spalding's Official Soccer Foot 
Ball Guide. 

How to Play Soccer. 

How to Play Rugby. 



No. IC 
No. 202 
No. 223 
No. 232 
No. 230 
No. 229 
No. 225 
No. 226 
No. 227 
No. 228 
No. 224 

r 



No. 
231 



No. 219 



No. 350 



No. 324 
No. 2a 



No. 286 
No. 335 



FOOT BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 343 Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide. 
No. 332 Spalding's Official Canadian 

Group III. ^°°'^^"^"^^^ crlcKct 

No. 3 Spalding's Official Cricket Guide. 
No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. 

Group IV. Lawn Tennis 

No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Ian- 
nis Annual. 
No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. 
No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn 

Group V. ^^"""^^ Golf 

No. 5 Spalding's Official Golf Guide 
No. 276 How to Play Golf . 

Group VI. Hockey 

No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey 

Guide. 
No. 304 How to Play Ice Hockey. 
No. 154 Field Hockey. 
(Lawn Hockey. 
No. 188 < Parlor Hockey. 
(Garden Hockey. 
No. 180 Ring Hockey. 

HOCKEY AUXILIARY 
No. 256 Official Handbook Ontario 
Hockey Association. 

Group VII. Basket Ball 

No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket 

JSall Guide. 
No. 7a Spalding's Official Women's 

Basket Ball Guide. 
No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. 

BASKET BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 323 Official Collegiate Basket Ball 
Handbook. 



ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



(roup VIII. Lacrosse 

No, 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse 

Guide. 
No. 201 How to Play Lacrosse. 



Group IX. 



Indoor Base Ball 



Group X. 



No. 9 Spalding^s Official Indoor Base 
Ball Guide. 

Polo 

No. 10 Spaldinc's Official Roller Polo 

Guide, 
No. 129 Water Polo. 
No. 199 Equestrian Polo. 

Group XI. Miscellaneous Games 

No. 248 Archery. 
No. 138 Croquet. 
No. 271 Roque. 

( Racquets. 
No. 194 < Squash- Racquets. 

( Court Tennis. 
No. 13 Hand Ball. 
No. 167 Quoits. 
No. 170 Push Ball. 
No. 14 Curling. 
No. 207 Lawn Bowls. 
No. 188 Lawn Games. 
No. 189 Children's Games. 
No. 341 How to Bowl. 



Group XII. 



Athlellcs 



No. 12 Spalding's Official Athletic 
Almanac. 

No. 12a Spalding's Official Athletic 
Rules. 

No. 27 College Athletics. 

No. 182 All Around Athletics. 

No. 156 Athletes' Guide. 

No. 87 Athletic Primer. 

No. 273 Olympic GamesatAthens,1906 

No. 252 How to Sprint. 

No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards. 

No. 174 Distance and Cross Country 
Running. [Thrower. 

No. 259 How to Become a Weight 

No. 55 Official Sporting Rules. 

No. 246 Athletic Training for School- 
No. 317 Marathon Running. [boys. 

No. 331 Schoolyard Athletics, 

No. 342 Walking for Health and Com- 
petition. 
ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES 

No. 349 Intercollegiate Official Hand- 
book. 

No. 302 Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. 

No.313 Public Schools Athletic 
League Official Handbook. 

No. 314 Girls' Athletics. 

No. 308 Official Handbook New York 
Interscholastic Athletic 
Association. 



Group XIII. 



AHiietic 
Accompiishmenis 



No. 177 How to Swim. 

No. 296 Speed Swimming. 

No. 128 How to Row. 

No. 209 How to Become a Skater. 

No. 178 How to Train for Bicycling. 

No. 23 Canoeing. 

No. 282 Roller Skating Guide. 

Group XIV. Manly Sports 

No. 18 Fencing. ( By Breck.) 

No. 162 Boxing. 

No. 165 Fencing. ( By Senac.) 

No, 140 Wrestling, 

No. 236 How to Wrestle. 

No. 102 Ground Tumbling. 

No. 233 Jiu Jitsu. 

No. 166 How to Swing Indian Clubs, 

No. 200 Dumb Bell Exercises. 

No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells. 

No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises. 

No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises. 

No. 191 How to Punch the Bag. 

No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs. 

No. 326 Professional Wrestling. 

Group XV. Gymnoslics 

No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer- 
cises. [Dumb Bell Drills. 
No. 214 Graded Call sthenics and 
No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. [Games 
No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic 
No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast. 
No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and March- 
ing Drills, [Apparatus. 
No. 327 Pyramid Building Without 
No. 328 Exercises on the Parallel Bars, 
No. 329 Pyramid Building with 
Wands, Chairs and Ladders 
GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY 
No. 345 Official Handbook I. C. A. A, 
Gymnasts of America. 

Group XVI. Physical culture 

No. 161 Ten Minutes' Exercise for 

Busy Men. [giene. 

No. 208 Physical Education and Hy- 

No. 149 Scientific Physical Training 

and Care of the Body. 
No. 142 Physical Training Simplified, 
No. 185 Hints on Health. 
No. 213 285 Health Answers, 
No. 238 Muscle Building. [ning. 

No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run- 
No. 261 Tensing Exercises, [nasties. 
No. 285 Health by Muscular Gym- 
No. 288 Indigestion Treated by Gym- 
No. 290 Get Well: Keep Well, [nasties. 
No. 325 Twenty-Minute Exercises. 
No. 330 Physical Training for the 

School and Class Room. 
No. 346 How to Live 100 Years. 



ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 




Group I. Base Ball 

\o. 1—Spaldins's Official 
Base Ball Guide. 

The leading Base Ball 
annual of the country, and 
the official authority of 
the grame. Contains the 
official playing rules, with 
an explanatory index of the 
rules compiled by Mr. A. G. 
Spalding; pictures of all 
the teams in the National, 
American and minor leagues ; re- 
views of the season; college Base Ball, 
and a great deal of interesting in- 
formation. Price 10 cents. 
No. lA — Spaldinsr's Official 
Base Ball Record. 
Something new in Base Ball. Con- 
tains records of all kinds from the be- 
ginning of the National League and 
official averages of all professional or- 
ganizations for past season. Illustrated 
with pictures of leading teams and 
players. Price 10 cents. 
No. IC— Spalding's Official 
Collegriate Base Ball An- 
nual. 
Contains matters of interest exclu- 
sively for the college player ; pictures 
and records of all the leading colleges. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 202— How to Play Base 
Ball. 
Edited by Tim Murnane. New and 
revised edition. Illustrated with pic- 
tures showing how all the various 
curves and drops are thrown and por- 
traits of leading players. Price 10 cents. 
No. 223— HOTV to Bat. 

There is no better way of becoming 
a proficient batter than by reading this 
book and practising the directions. 
Numerous illustrations. Price 10 cents. 
No^ 232— How to Run tlie 
Bases. 
This book gives clear and concise 
directions for excelling as a base run- 
ner; tells when to run and when not to 
do so; how and when to slide; team 
work on the bases; in fact, every point 

Ef the game is thoroughly explained. 
Uustrated. Price 10 cents. 
No. 230— How to Pitcb. 

A new, up-to-date book. Its contents 
are the practical teaching of men who 
have reached the top as pitchers, and 
who Tcnow how to impart a knowledge 
of their art. All the big leagues' 
nitchers are shown. Price 10 cents. 



i\o. 229— How to Catch. 

Every boy who has hopes of being a 
clever catcher should read how well- 
known players cover their position. 
Pictures of all the noted catchers in 
the big leagues. Price l'^ cents. 

No. 225— How to Play First 
Base. 

Illustrated with pictures of all the 
prominent first basemen. Price 10 cents. 

No. 226— How to Play Second 
Base. 

The ideas of the best second basemen 
have been incorporated in this book for 
the especial benefit of boys who want 
to know the fine points of play at this 
point of the diamond. Price 10 cents. 

No. 227— How to Play Third 
Base. 

Third base is, in some respects, the 
most important of the infield. All the 
points explained. Price 10 cents. 

No. 228— How to Play Short- 
stop. 

Shortstop is one of the hardest posi- 
tions on the infield to fill, and quick 
thought and quick action are necessary 
for a player who expects to make good 
as a shortstop. lUus. Price 10 cents. 

No. 224— How to Play th« 
Outfield. 

An invaluable guide for the out- 
fielder. Price 10 cents. 

No. 231— How to Coach; How 
to Captain a Team; Hott 
to Manag^e a Team; Hofv 
to Umpire; Hovf to Or- 
ganize a Leag-ue; Tech- 
nical Terms of Base Ball. 
A useful guide. Price 10 cents. 

No 219— Ready Reckoner of 
Base Ball Percentages. 

To supply a demand for a book which 
would show the percentage of clubs 
without recourse to thearduous work of 
figuring, the publishers had these tables 
compiled by an expert. Price 10 cents. 

BASE BALL. AUXILIARIES. 

No. 348— Minor League Base 
Ball Guide. 

The minors' own girfde. Edited by 
president T. H. Murnane, .erf the New 
England League. Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC OBRARY 



No. 3»8— Official Handbook 
of the National Lieagrae 
of Professional Base Ball 
Clubs. 

Contains the Constitution, By-Laws, 
Official Rules, Averages, and schedule 
of the National League for the current 
year, together with list of club officers 
and reports of the annual meetings of 
the League. Price 10 cents. 

No. 340— Official Handbook 
National Playground Ball 
Association. 

This game is specially adapted for 
playgrounds, parks, etc., is spreading 
rapidly. The book contains a descrip- 
tion of the game, rules and list of 
officers. Price 10 cents. 



Group II. Foot Ball 

No. 2— Spalding's Official 
Foot Ball Guide. 

Edited by Walter Camp. 

I Contains the new rules, 
with diagram of field; All- 
America teams as selected 
by the leading authorities: 
reviews of the game from 
various sections of the 
country; scores; pictures. 

I Price 10 cents. 

No. 344— A Digest of the Foot 
Ball Rules. 

This book is meant for the use of 
officials, to help them to refresh their 
memories before a game and to afford 
them a quick means of ascertaining a 
point during a game. It also gives a 
ready means of finding a rule in the 
Official Rule Book, and is of great help 
to a player in studying the Rules. 
Compiled by C.W. Short, Harvard. 1908. 
Price 10 cents ^ 

So, 324— How to Play Foot 
Ball. 

Edited by Walter Camp, of Yale. 
Everything that a beginner wants to 
know and many points that an expert 
will be glad to learn. Snapshots of 
leading teams and players in action, 
with comments by Waltev Camp. 
Priee 10 cents. 




No. 2A— Spalding's Official 
Association Soccer Foot 
Ball Guide. 

A complete and up-to- 
date guide to the "Soccer" 
game in the United States, 
containing instructions for 
playing the game, official 
rules, and interesting 
news from all parts of the 
country. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 

286— How to Flay- 




No. 



Soc- 



How each position should be played, 
written by the best player in England 
in his respective position, and illus- 
trated with full-page photographs of 
players in action. Price 10 cents. 

No. 335— How to Play Rugby. 

Compiled in England by " Old Inter- 
national." Contains directions for 
playing the various positions, with dia- 
grams and illustrations. Price 10 cents. 
FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES. 
No. 332— Spalding's Official 
Canadian Foot Ball 

Guide. 
The official book of th« erame in Can- 
ada. Price 10 cents. 
No. 343— Official Rugby Foot 
Ball Guide. 
The official handbook of the Rugby 
game, containing the official playing 
rules, referee's decisions, articles on 
the game in the United States and pic- 
tures of leading teams. Price 10 cents. 

Group III. Cricket 

3— Spalding'M Official 
icket Guide. 

The most complete year 
book of the game that has 
ever been published in 
America. Reports of 
special matches, official 
rules and pictures of all 
the leading teams. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 277— Cricket; and How 
to Play It. 

By Prince Ranjitsinhji. The game 
described concisely and illustrated with 
full-page pictures posed especially fo» 
this book. Pric* 10 cents. 



No. 




SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



Group IV. 



Lawn 
Tennis 




No. 4— Spalding's Official 
IiaTvn Tennis Annual. 

Contents include reports 
of all important tourna- 
ments; official ranking 
from 1885 to date; laws of 
lawn tennis; instructions 
for handicapping; deci- 
sions on doubtful points; 
management of tourna- 

ments; directory of clubs; 

laying out and keeping a court. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents 

No. 157— How to Play Lawn 
Tennis. 

A complete description of lawn ten- 
nis; a lesson for beginners and direc- 
tions telling how to make the most im- 
portant strokes. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 



No. 279— Strokes and Science 
of La-wn Tennis. 

By P. A. Vaile, a leading authority 
on the game in Great Britain. Every 
stroke in the game is accurately illus- 
trated and analyzed by the author. 
Price 10 cents. 



Group VI. Hockey 






Golf 



Official 



Group V. 

No. 5— Spalding's 
Golf Guide. 

Contains records of all 
Important tournaments, 
articles on the game in 
various sections of the 
country, pictures of prom- 
inent players, official play- 
ing rules and general 
items of interest. Price 
10 cents. 



No. 276— How to Play Golf. 

By James Braid and Harry Vardon 
the world's two greatest players tell 
how they play the game, with numer- 
ous full-page pictures of them taken 
on th« links. Prica 10 csnts. 




No. 6— Spalding's Official Ic« 
Hockey Guide. 

The official year book of 
the game. Contains the 
official rules, pictures of 
leading teams and players, 
records, review of the 
season, reports from dif" 
ferent sections of the 
United-States and Canada. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 304— How to Play Ice 
Hockey. 

Contains a description of the duties 
of each player. Illustrated. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 154— Field Hockey. 

Prominent in the sports at Vassar. 
Smith, Wellesley, Bryn Mawr and other 
leading colleges. Price 10 cents. 

No. 188 — Law^n Hockey, 
Parlor Hockey, Garden 
Hockey. 

Containing the rules for each game. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 180— Ring Hockey. 

A new game for the gymnasium. 
Exciting as basket ball. Price 10 cents. 

HOCKEY AUXILIARY. 

No. 256— Official Handbook 
of the Ontario Hockey 
Association. 

Contains the official rules of the 
Association, constitution, rules of com- 
petition, list of officers, and pictures of 
leading players. Price 10 cents. 



Group Vn. 



Basket 
BaU 



No. 7— Spalding's Official 
Basket Ball Guide. 

Edited by George T. 
Hepbron. Contains the 
revised official rules, de- 
cisions on disputed points, 
records of prominent 
teams, reports on the game 
from various parts of the 
eountry. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 




SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



Jio. 7A— Spaldingr's Official 
Women's Basket Ball 
Guide. 

Edited by Miss Senda Berenson, of 
Smith College. Contains the official 
playing rules and special articles on 
the game by prominent authorities. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 193— How to Play Basket 
Ball. 

By G. N. Messer. The best book of 
instruction on the game yet published 
Illustrated with numerous pictures 
and diagrams of plays. Price 10 cents, 

BASKKT BALL AUXILIARY. 
No. 323— Collegiate Basket 
Ball Handl^ook. 

The official publication of the Colle- 
giate Basket Ball Association. Con- 
tains the official rules, records, All- 
America selections, reviews, and pic- 
tures. Edited by H. A. Fisher, of 
Columbia. Price 10 cents. 

Group VIIL Lacrosse 

No. 8— Spaldingr's Official La- 
crosse Guide. 

Contains the constitution, by-laws, 
playing rules, list of officers and records 
of the U. S. Inter-Collegiate Lacrosse 
League. Price 10 cents. 

No. 201— How to Play La- 
crosse. 

Every position is thoroughly ex- 
plained in a most simple and concise 
manner, rendering it the best manual 
of the game ever published. Illus- 
trated with numerous snapshots of im- 
portant plays. Price 10 cents. 



Group IX. 



Indoor 
Base Ball 



No. 9— Spaldingr's Official In- 
door Base Ball Guide. 

America's national game I 
is now vieing with other 
indoor games as a winter 
pastime. This book con- 
tains the playing rules, 
pictures of leading teams, 
and interesting articles on 
the game by leading au-l 
thorities on the aubjecl. 
Priee 10 centa- 




Polo 




Group X. 

No. 10— Spaldingr's 
Official Roller 
Polo Guide. 

Edited by A. W. Keane. 
A full description of the 
game; official rules, re- 
cords; pictures of promi- 
nent players. Price 10 cents 



No. 129— Water Polo. 

The contents of this book treat of 
every detail, the individual work of the 
players, the practice of the team, how 
to throw the ball, with illustrations and 
many valuable hints. Price 10 cents. 

No. 199— Equestrian Polo. 

Compiled by H. L. Fitzpatrick of the 
New York Sun. Illustrated with por- 
traits of leading players, and contains 
most useful information for polo play- 
ers. Price 10 cents. 



_ ^^ Miscellane- 
GroupXI. ous Games 

No. 271— Spaldingr's Official 
Roq.ue Guide. 

The official publication of the Na- 
tional Roque Association of America. 
Contains a description of the courts 
and their construction, diagrams, illus- 
trations, rules and valuable informa- 
tion. Price 10 cents. 

No. 138— Spalding's Official 
Croquet Guide 

Contains directions for playing, dia- 
grams of important strokes, description 
of grounds, instructions for the begin- 
ner, terms used in the game, and the 
official playing rules. Price 10 cents. 

No. 341— How to Bowl. 

The contents include : diagrams of 
effective deliveries; hints to begin- 
ners ; how to score ; official rules ; 
spares, how they are made ; rules for 
cocked hat, quintet, cocked hat and 
feather, battle same, etc. Price 
iOoenta* 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



No. 248— Arcliery. 

A new and up-to-date book on this 
fascinating pastime. The several 
varieties of archery; instructions for 
shooting; how to select implements; 
how to score; and a great deal of inter- 
esting information. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 194— Racquets, Sqnash- 
Racquets and Court Ten- 
nis. 

How to play each game is thoroughly 
explained, and all the difficult strokes 
shown by special photographs taken 
especially for this book. Contains the 
official rules for each game. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 167— Q,uoits. 

Contains a description of the plays 
used by experts and the official rules. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 



No. 170— Push Ball. 

This book contains the official rules 
and a sketch of the game; illustrated. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 13— How to Play Hand 
Ball. 

By the world's champion, Michael 
Egan. Every play is thoroughly ex- 
plained by text and diagram. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 14— Curlingr. 

A short history of this famous Scot- 
tish pastime, with instructions for 
play, rules of the game, definitions of 
terms and diagrams of different shots. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 207— Bo^vling on the 
Green; or. Lawn BottIs. 

How to construct a green; how to 
play the game, and the official rules 
of the Scottish Bowling Association. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 189— Children's Games. 

These games are intended for use at 
recesses, and all but the team games 
have been adapted to large classes. 
Suitable for children from three to 
eight years, and include a great variety. 
Price 10 cents. 




No. 188 — La-wn Games. 

Lawn Hockey, Garden Hockey, Hand 
Tennis, Tether Tennis; also Volley 
Ball, Parlor Hockey, Badminton, Bas- 
ket Goal, Price 10 cents. 

Group XII. Athletics 

No. 12— Spaldingr's Official 
Athletic Almanac. 

Compiled by J. E. Sulli- 
van, President of the Ama- 
teur Athletic Union. The 
only annual publication 
now issued that contains 
a complete list of amateur 
best-on-records; intercol- 
legiate, swimming, inter- 
scholastic, English, Irish, Scotch, 
Swedish, Continental, South African, 
Australasian; numerous photos of in- 
dividual athletes and leading athletic 
teams. Price 10 cents. 

No. 12A— Spalding's Official 
Athletic Rules. 

The A. A. U. is the governing body 
of athletes in the United States of 
America, and all games must be held 
under its rules, which are exclusively 
published in this handbook, and a copy 
should be in the hands of every athlete 
and every club officer in America. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 27— College Athletics. 

M. C. Murphy, the well-known ath- 
letic trainer, now with Pennsylvania, 
the author of this book, has written it 
especially for the schoolboy and college 
man, but it is invaluable for the athlete 
who wishes to excel in any branch of 
athletic sport; profusely illustrated. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 182— Ail-Around Ath- 
letics. 

Gives in full the method of scoring 
the Ail-Around Championship; how to 
train for the AU-Around Champion- 
ship. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 15«— Athlete's Guide. 

Full instructions for the beginner, 
telling how to sprint, hurdle, jump and 
throw weights, general hints on train- 
ing; valuable advice to beginners and 
important A, A. U, rules and their ex- 
planations, while the pictures comprise 
many scenes of champions in action. 
Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



No. 273— The Olympic Games 
at Athens. 

A complete account of the Olympic 
Games of 1906, at Athens, the greatest 
International Athletic Contest ever 
held. Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, 
Special United States Commissioner to 
the Olympic Games. Price 10 cents. 

No. .S7— Athletic Primer. 

Edited by J. E. Sullivan, Secretary- 
Treasurer of the Amateur Athletic 
Union. Tells how to organize an ath- 
letic club, how to conduct an athletic 
meeting, and gives rules for the gov- 
ernment of athletic meetings; contents 
also include directions for laying out 
athletic grounds, and a very instructive 
article on training. Price 10 cents. 

No. 255— How to Run lOO 
Yards. 

By J. W. Morton, the noted British 
champion. Many of Mr. Morton's 
methods of training are novel to 
American athletes, but his success is 
the best tribute to their worth. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 174 — Distance and Cross- 
country Running-. 

By George Orton, the famous Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania runner. The 
quarter, half, mile, the longer dis- 
tances, and cross-country running and 
steeplechasing, with instructions for 
training; pictures of leading athletes 
in action, with comments by the editors 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 259— Weight Throwing. 

Probably no other man in the world 
has had the varied and long experience 
of James S. Mitchel, the author, in the 
weight throwing department of ath- 
letics. The book gives valuable infor- 
mation not only for the novice, but for 
the expert as well. Price 10 cents. 

No. 246— Athletic Training: 
for Schoolboys. 

By Geo. W. Orton. Each event in the 
intercollegiate programme is treated 
of separately. Price 10 cents. 

No. 55— Official Sporting 
Rules. 

Contains rules not found in other 
publications for the government of 
many sports; rules for wrestling, 
shuffleboard, snowshoeing. profes- 
sional racing, pigeon shooting, dog 
racing, pistol and revolver shooting, 
British water polo rules, Rugby foot 
ball rules. Price 10 cents. 



No. 252— How to Sprint. 

Every athlete who aspires to be a 
sprinter can study this book to advan- 
tage. Price 10 cents. 

No. 331— Schoolyard Ath- 
letics. 

By J. E.Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer 
Amateur Athletic Union and member 
of Board of Education of Greater New 
York. An invaluable handbook for 
the teacher and the pupil. Gives a 
systematic plan for conducting school 
athletic contests and instructs how to 
prepare for the various events. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 317 — Marathon Running. 

A new and up-to-date book on this 
popular pastime. Contains pictures 
of the -leading Marathon runners, 
methods of training, and best times 
made in various Marathon events. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 342— W alkinsr; for 
Health and Competition. 

Contains a great deal of useful and 
interesting information for the pedes- 
trian, giving the best methods of walk- 
ing for recreation or competition, by 
leading authorities. A history of the 
famous Fresh Air Club of New York is 
also included, with specimen tours, 
rules for competitive walking, records 
and numerous illustrations. Price 10 
cents. 

ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES. 

No. 349— Official Intercolle- 
giate A.A.A.A. Handbook. 

Contains constitution, by-laws, and 
laws of athletics; records from 1876 to 
date. Price 10 cents. 

No. 30S— Official Handbook 
Nctv York Interschol- 
astic Athletic Associa- 
tion. 

Contains the Association's records, 
constitution and by-laws and other 
information. Price 10 cents. 

No. 302— Official Y.M.C.A. 
Handbook. 

Contains the official rules governing 
all sports under the jurisdiction of the 
Y. M. C. A., official Y. M. C. A. scoring 
tables, pentathlon rules, pictures of 
leading Y. M. C. A, athletes. Price 
10 cents. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



No. 313— Official Handbook 
of the Public Schools 
Athletic L-easue. 

Contains complete list of records, 
constitution and general review of the 
season in the Public Schools Athletic 
League of Greater New York. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents, 

No. 314— "Girls' Athletics." 
Official Handbook of the 
Girls' Branch of the 
Public Schools Athletic 
League. 
The official publication. Contains': 
constitution and by-laws, list of offi- 
cers, donors, founders, life and annual 
members, reports and illustrations, 
schoolroom games. Edited by Miss 
Jessie H. Bancroft. Price 10 cents. 

Group XIII. Athletic 
Accomplishments 

No. 177— How to Swim.. 

Will interest the expert as well as 
the novice; the illustrations were made 
from photographs especially posed, 
showing the swimmer in clear water; 
a valuable feature is the series of 
"land drill " exercises for the beginner. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. aue— Speed Swimming. 

By Champion C. M. Daniels of the 
New York Athletic Club team, holder 
of numerous American records, and the 
best swimmer in America qualified to 
write on the subject. Any boy should 
be able to increase his speed in the 
water after reading Champion Daniels' 
instructions on the subject. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 128— How to Row. 

By E. J. Giannini, of the New York 
Athletic Club, one of America's most 
famous amateur oarsmen and cham- 
pions. Shows how to hold the oars, 
the finish of the stroke and other valu- 
able information. Price 10 cents. 

No. 23— Canoeing;. 

Paddling, sailing, cruising and rac- 
ing canoes and their uses; with hints 
on rig and management; the choice of 
a canoe; sailing canoes, racing regula- 
tions; canoeing and camping. Fully 
illustrated. Price 10 cents. 



No. 209— How to Become a 
Skater. 

Contains advice for beginners; how 
to become a figure skater, showing how 
to do all the different tricks of the best 
figure skaters. Pictures of prominent 
skaters and numerous diagrams. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 282— Official Roller Skat- 
ing Guide. 

Directions for becoming a fancy and 
trick roller skater, and rules for roller 
skating. Pictures of prominent trick 
skaters in action. Price 10 cents. 

No. 178- How to Train for 
Bicycling. 

Gives methods of the best riders 
when training for long or short distance 
races; hints on training. Revised and 
up-to-date in every particular. Price 
10 cents. 



Group XIV. Sports 

No. 140— Wrestling. 

Catch-as-catch-can style. Seventy 
illustrations of the different holds, pho- 
tographed especially and so described 
that anybody can with little effort learn 
every one. Price 10 cents. 

No. IS — Fencing. 

By Dr. Edward Breck, of Boston, 
editor of The Swordsman, a promi- 
nent amateur fencer. A book that has 
stood the test of time, and is universally 
acknowledged to be a standard* work. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 162— Boxing: Guide. 

Contains over 70 pages of illustrations 
showing all the latest blows, posed 
especially for this book under the super- 
vision of a well-known instructor of 
boxing, who makes a specialty of teach- 
ing and knows how to impart his 
knowledge. Price 10 cents. 

No. 165— The Art of Fencing 

By Regis and Louis Senac, of New 
York, famous instructors and leading 
authorities on the subject. Gives in 
detail how every move should be made. 
Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



No. 336— How to Wrestle. 

The most complete and up-to-date 
book on wrestling ever published. 
Edited by F. R. Toombs, and devoted 
principally to special poses and illustra- 
tions by George Hackenschmidt, the 
" Russian Lion." Price 10 cents. 



No. 102— Ground Tumbling-. 

Any boy. by reading this book and 
following the instructions, can become 
proficient. Price 10 cents. 



No. 2SJ>— Tumbling for Ama- 
teurs. 

Specially compiled for amateurs by 
Dr. James T. Gwathmey. Every variety 
of the pastime explained by text and 
pictures, over 100 different positions 
being shown. Price 10 cents. 



No. 191— How to Punch tbe 
Bag:. 

The best treatise on bag punching 
that has ever been printed. Every va- 
riety of blow used in training is shown 
and explained, with a chapter on fancy 
bag punching by a well-known theatri- 
cal bag puncher. Price 10 cents. 



No. 200— Dumb-Bells. 

The best work on dumb-bells that 
has ever been offered. By Prof. G. 
Bojus, of New York. Contains 200 
photographs. Should be in the hands 
of every teacher and pupil of physical 
culture, and is invaluable for home 
exercise. Price 10 cents. 



No. 143— Indian Clubs and 
Dumb-Bells. 

By America's amateur champion club 
swinger, J. H. Dougherty. It is clearly 
illustrated, by which any novice can 
become an expert. Price 10 cents. 

No. 262— Medicine Ball Ex- 
ercises. 

A series of plain and practical exer- 
cises with the medicine ball, suitable 
for boys and girls, business and profes- 
sional men, in and out of gymnasium. 
Price 10 cents. 



No. 29— Pulley Weight Exer- 
cises. 

By Dr. Henry S. Anderson, instructor 
in heavy gymnastics Yale gymnasium. 
In conjunction with a chest machine 
anyone with this book can become 
perfectly developed. Price 10 cents. 

No. 233— Jin Jitsu. 

Each move thoroughly explained and 
illustrated with numerous full-page 
pictures of Messrs. A. Minami and K. 
Koyama, two of the most famous ex- 
ponents of the art of Jiu Jitsu, who 
posed especially for this book. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 166— How to Swing In- 
dian Clubs. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. By follow- 
ing the directions carefully anyone can 
become an expert. Price 10 cents. 

\o. 326- Professional W^rest- 
ling. 

A book devoted to the catch-as-catch- 
can style; illustrated with half-tone 
pictures showing the different holds 
used by Frank Gotch, champion catch- 
as-catch-can wrestler of the world. 
Posed by Dr. Roller and Charles Postl. 
By Ed. W. Smith, Sporting Editor of 
the Chicago American. Price 10 cents. 



Group XV. Gymnastics 

No. 104— The Grading of 
Gymnastic Exercises. 

By G. M. Martin. A book that should 
be in the hands of every physical direc- 
tor of the Y. M. C. A., school, club, col- 
lege, etc. Price 10 cents. 



No. 214— Graded Calistheu- 
ics and Dumb-Bell Drills. 

For years it has been the custom in 
most gymnasiums of memorizing a set 
drill, which was never varied. Conse- 
quently the beginner was given the 
same kind and amount as the older 
member. With a view to giving uni- 
formity the present treatise is at- 
tempted. Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



No. 254— Barnjam Bar Bell 
Drill. 

Edited by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie. 
Director Physical Training, University 
of Pennsylvania. Profusely illustrated. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 158 — Indoor and Outdoor 
Gymnastic Games. 

A book that will prove valuable to in- 
door and outdoor gymnasiums, schools, 
outings and gatherings where there 
are a number to be amused. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 124— How to Become a 
Gymnast. 

By Robert. Stoll, of the New York 
A. C, the American champion on the 
flying rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy 
can easily become proficient with a 
little practice. Price 10 cents. 

No. 287— Fancy Dumb Bell 
and Marching Drills. 

All concede that games and recreative 
exercises during the adolescent period 
are preferable to set drills and monoton- 
ous movements. These drills, while de- 
signed primarily for boys, can be used 
successfully with girls and men and 
women. Profusely illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 327— Pyramid Building 
Without Apparatus. 

By W. J. Cromie, Instructor of 
Gymnastics, University of Pennsyl- 
vania. With illustrations showing 
many different combinations. This 
book should be in the hands of all gym- 
nasium instructors. Price 10 Cents. 

No. 328 — Exercises on tlie 
Parallel Bars. 

By W. J. Cromie. Every gymnast 
should procure a copy of this book. 
Illustrated with cuts showing many 
novel exercises. Price 10 cents. 

No. 329— Pyramid Building 
Tvitlx Chairs, Wand.s ami 
Ladders. 

By W. J. Cromie. Illustrated with 
half-tone photopraphs showing many 
interesting combinations. Price 10 
cents. 



GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY. 
No. .345— Official Handbook 
Inter-Colleg-iate Associa- 
tion Amateur Gymnasts 
of America. 

Edited by P. R. Carpenter, Physical 
Instructor Amherst College. Contains 
pictures of leading teams and individual 
champions, official rules governing con- 
tests, records. Price 10 cents. . 



Group XVL 



Physical 
Culture 



No. 161— Ten Minutes* GxeT- 
cise for Busy Men. 

By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, Direc- 
tor of Physical Training in the New 
York Public Schools. A concise and 
complete course of physical education. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 208— Physical Education 
and Hygiene. 

This is the fifth of the Physical 
Training series, by Prof. E. B. Warman 
(see Nos. 142, 149, 166, 185, 213, 261, 290.) 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 149— The Care of the Body. 

A book that all who value health 
should read and follow its instructions. 
By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known 
lecturer and authority on physical cul- 
ture. Price 10 cents. 

No. 142— Physical Training 
Simplified. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. A complete, 
thorough and practical book where the 
whole man is considered — brain and 
body. Price 10 cents. 

No. 261— Tensing Exercises. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. The "Ten- 
sing" or "Resisting" system of mus- 
cular exercises is the most thorough, 
the most complete, the most satisfac- 
tory, and the most fascinating of sys- 
tems. Price 10 cents. 

No. 346— How to Live lOO 
Years. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. Helpful 
and healthful suggestions for attain- 
ing a vigorous and happy " old age," 
with numerous instances of longevity 
and the methods and habits pursued 
by those who lived beyond the allotted 
span of life. Written in Prof. War- 
man's best style. Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



No. ISo— Health Hints. 

By Prof, E. B. Warman. Health in- 
fluenced by insulation; health influ- 
enced by underwear; health influenced 
by color; exercise. Price 10 cents. 

No. 213—285 Healtli Answers. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. Contents: 
ventilating a bedroom; ventilating a 
house; how to obtain pure air; bathing; 
salt water baths at home; a substitute 
for ice water; to cure insomnia, etc., 
etc. Price 10 cents. 

No. 238— Muscle Building:. 

By Dr. L. H. Gulick. A complete 
treatise on the correct method of 
acquiring strength. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 234— School Tactics and 
Maze Running'. 

A series of drills for the use of schools. 
Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 325— Twenty Minute Ex- 
ercises. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman, with chap- 
ters on "How to Avoid Growing Old," 
and " Fasting ; Its Objects and Bene- 
fits." Price 10 cents. 



No. 285— Health; hy Muscu- 
lar Crymnastics. 

With hints on right living. By W. J. 
Cromie. If one will practice the exer- 
cises and observe the hints therein 
contained, he will be amply repaid for 
so doing. Price 10 cents. 



No. 288- Indigestion Treated 
by Crymnastics 

By W. J. Cromie. If the hints there- 
in contained are observed and the 
exercises faithfully performed great 
relief will be experienced. Price 10 
cents. 



No. 290— Get 
Well. 



Well; Keep 



By Prof. E. B. Warman author of a 
number of books in the Spalding Ath- 
letic Library on physical training. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 330— Physical Training 
for the School and Class 
Room. 

Edited by G. R. Borden, Physical 
Director of the Y. M. C. A., Easton, Pa. 
A book that is for practical work in 
the school room. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 




WILLIAM AUGUSTUS LARNED, 
Champion of the United States, 



HOW TO PLAY 

LAWN TENNIS 



If 



Containing Practical Instruction from an 

Expert on Making Lawn Tennis 

Strokes. Brief Description 

and History of the 

Game 

and other useful information 



PUBLISHED BY THE 

AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

21 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK. 



Copyright, l&ll 

BY 

American Sports Publishing Company 
New York 






\ 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

General Description of Lawn Tennis 5 

A Brief History of the Game il 

A First Lesson for Beginners 27 

How to Make the Most Important Strokes : 

I.— The Service . . . . ... . . 37 

n.^-The Ground Stroke 41 

HL-The Volley and Half- Volley .... 45 

IV. -The Lob 47 

The American Twist Service . . . . . . 49 

How to Build and Keep a Court . . ' , . . . 52 

New Thoughts on Training and Diet . . . . . 61 

What to Use for Lawn Tennis . • . '. . . . 64 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 



, General Description of Lawn Tennis. 

7f Lawn tennis is played by two, three or four people (though 
very seldom -by three) on a smooth stretch of ground called a 
court. The playing surface of this court is 27 feet (for singles), 
or 36 feet (for doubles) in width and 78 feet in length, and it is 
laid out on a level surface of grass or turf, or occasion- 
ally on a board floor under a coyered roof in winter. The court 
is marked out with white lines on the ground indicating the 
boundaries, and the space is divided in two by a net three feet in 
height stretched across the centre from side to side. 

Each player is armed with a racket, which is a wooden frame 
about a foot long and eight inches wide, the oval open space 
being covered with a fine network of catgut strings, and the 
frame supplied with a handle about 15 inches long. With this 
racket the players strike a ball 2^4 inches in diameter, of rubber 
filled with compressed air and covered with felt. 

This ball is knocked from one side of the net to the other 
back and forth until one side misses it — that is, fails to hit it 
at all, or knocks it into the net, or out of the court. Either side 
scores a point when the opponent fails to return the ball into 
his court. The object of the game, therefore, is to knock the 
ball into the opponent's court so that he cannot return it. 
i^ The 'first player to hit the ball is called the server (he is 
chosen by lot) and he throws the ball up into the air and 
knocks it over the net and into the court on the opposite side. 
After this service is delivered, each side must strike the ball in 
turn, hitting it either before it touches the ground la volley) 
or after it has bounded only once. It is agamst the rule to 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 7 

volley in returning the service, but after this second stroke of 
(ach point, it is optional with the players whether they volley 
or return the ball on the first bounce. 

The method of scoring is simple. The first point won for 
either side counts 15, and if each side should win one of the 
two first points, the score becomes 15 — all, "all" meaning "even" 
in every case. The server's score is always called first and the 
first point therefore makes the score 15 — love, or love — 15 (ac- 
cording to whether the server or his opponent wins the first 
point). "Love" means nothing in tennis scoring. The second 
point for either side is 30 and the third 40. If the server wins 
the first two strokes, the score is 30 — love; if won by the oppon- 
ent, it is love — 30; if each has won a point, the third count then 
makes the score 30 — 15, or 15 — 30, according to whether the 
server or his opponent is ahead. Thirty-all follows when each 
side has won two points ; 40 — 30 or 30 — 40 when one side has 
two and the other side three. 

Either side wins a game when it has scored four points, un- 
less each side wins three points, which would make the score 
40 — all, but which is called "deuce" instead. Here lies the only 
intricacy in the method of scoring. When both sides are tied 
at 40, or three points each, the score is deuce, and one side must 
win two more strokes than the other from this point in order to 
win the game — in other words, if the score once gets even at 40, 
neither side can win by a single point. From deuce, the score 
becomes "vantage-in" or "vantage-out," according to whether the 
server or his opponent is ahead (the server is always "in" and 
the opponent "out"). With vantage in his favor, either side 
can win the game by capturing the next point, but if it goes to 
the other side, the score returns to deuce again, and so on in- 
definitely until one side or the other has won two points in suc- 
cession from deuce. 

When a game has been won, the other side becomes the server, 
the service alternating with the games. The score by games 
is called with the server's score first, or sometimes in matches 
with the side that is ahead first. When the games are even, the 
score is called at i— all, 2 — all, 3— all or 4 — all as the case may 









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McLoughlin vs. Brookes. 




Wilding vs. Long. 
DAVIS CUP MATCHES AT SYDNEY. 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 

be, Dut if it is even at 5— all then deuce and vantage games 
are played just as in points during the games. Five — all is 
deuce and from this, point it is necessary for one side or the 
other to win tw^o games in succession to take the set, that is, 
as in the games, the set cannot be won by a majority of one, 
the winner must score at least two or more games than the loser. 
Most matches are the best two in three sets, although some 
championship matches are the best three in five sets. 

The server must always strike the ball in the air before it 
touches the ground, but the opponent, who is known technically 
as the striker-out, is not allowed to strike the ball when first 
served until after it has bounded once. After these first two 
strokes, one from either side, the ball is always in play until 
one side or the other fails to return the ball properly and the op- 
ponent then scores a point. Either player, after the first stroke 
from either side, may play the ball before it has touched the 
ground, which is called a volley, or after it has struck and 
bounded once. If it is allowed to touch the ground a second 
time, the point is lost. 

A drive is a fast hard stroke played underhand from the back 
of the court, and a smash is an overhand volley played very 
hard and fast to "kill" the ball by the speed of the stroke. A 
lob is a ball knocked up into the air to pass over an opponent's 
head, when he is at the net, or to gain time. To cut the ball 
is to strike it sideways, so that it twists rapidly on its own axis, 
like a billiard ball with "English," which makes it bound crooked- 




^m^^>^%^^mm:f^imm^ 




Wilding vs. McLoughlin. 
Brookes vs. Long. 

DAVIS CUP MATCHES AT SYDNEY. 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 



A. Brief History of the Game. 

Lawn tennis is essentially a modern game, for its origin dates 
back less than forty years. Its genealogy is rather obscnre. _ ' 
the best authorities disagree as to its direct parentage, ihe tirst 
record of any such game in Europe, however, occurs in the 
Middle ages, when a crude form of tennis was the favorite sport 
of the Italian and French feudal kings and nobles. The French 
seem to have borrowed the game from the Italians, and they 
called it la longue paume; in Italy it was known under the name 
of pallone. 

This French game was played with a cork ball, which was 
originally struck with the hand over a bank of earth, which 
served the same purpose as our modern net. Soon a crude racket 
with wooden frame and handle and gut strings was substituted, 
and in this form the game was introduced into England and 
flourished there for many years. 

Major Walter C Wingfield, of the British army, is popularly 
credited with the invention of lawn tennis, as we know it, for 
he patented the game in 1874- His original game was played 
on a court shaped like an hour-glass, 60 feet in length and 30 feet 
in width at the base-lines. In the center was stretched a net 
21 feet wide and 7 feet high at its sides, which sagged to 4 feet 
8 inches in the centre. The old method of racquet scoring was 
used, and the server was required to stand within a marked 
space in the middle of his court. 

In March, 1875, the first regular laws for the game were formu- 
lated by the Marylebone Cricket Club, of Lord's. The club's 
committee selected the name of lawn tennis, and promulgated a 
new set of rules that were accepted by Major Wingfield and a 
large majority of those who had taken up the new game. They 
set the length of the court at 78 feet, and there it has remained 
to this day; but they still preserved the hour-glass form, and the 
breadth required by their first rules was 30 feet at the base-lines 



Ho %v to Play L a iv n Tennis 13 

and 24 feet at the net. The net was set at 4 feet high in the 
centre and 5 feet at the posts, and the service-line at 26 feet from 
the net. The racquet system of scoring, with one or two minor 
alterations, was also preserved. 

At the urgent suggestion of Henry Jones, who afterward be- 
came famous as the "Cavendish" of whist, the All-English 
Croquet Club, whose grounds at Wimbledon have since become 
famous the world over, opened its lawns to lawn tennis in 1875, 
and so popular did the game become that an All-England cham- 
pionship meeting— the first of the series which has represented 
the amateur championship of England— was held in July, 1877, 
the name of the club being then changed to the All-England 
Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club. This first tournament was 
eminently successful, and the All-England club assumed control 
of the new game. By common consent its decisions were uni- 
versally respected In 1883 an attempt was made to form a 
National Association, but as the All-England Club declined to 
enter into the project, it was a failure, and in fts place an annual 
meeting of club secretaries was held under the auspices of the 
All-England Club, for the purpose of legislation, until 1888, when 
the present English Lawn Tennis Association was formed as a 
national body to govern the sport. The authority of this organi- 
zation has never since been questioned, and its decisions have 
been accepted throughout the continent and British colonies. The 
only part of the world where separate laws are made is the United 
States, and even here the English rules and changes are carefully 
considered before any alteration is made. 

Major Wingfield's crude lawn tennis game first made its ap- 
pearance in America in 1874, the same year it came out in 
England. A Bostonian, who was traveling abroad, brought home 
a set of Wingfield's rules and implements for the game, and a 
court was laid out at his country home at Nahant, a seaside 
resort near Boston. Another court made its appearance at New- 
port the following spring, and the Staten Island Cricket and 
Base Ball Club, near New York, also took up the game in 1875. 
At Philadelphia, too, the game was introduced at the Young 
America Cricket Club's grounds, and soon grew popular. 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 15 

During the first few years of its American existence lawn tennis 
was played under widely varying conditions, but the distance 
between the points of play being too great to let these differences 
become apparent until open tournaments were held. The nets 
hung at different heights, the courts varied somewhat in size, 
and the balls differed materially both as to size and weight. Local 
tournaments were held at Newport, Boston, Philadelphia and 
Staten Island, but it v/as not until 1880 when James Dwight and 
Richard D. Sears, of Boston, who were afterward so famous in 
lawn tennis, played at Staten Island and Philadelphia, that the 
full importance of this confusion became apparent. 

The following spring in May, 1881, a meeting was held in 
New York, and the present United States National Lawn Tennis 
Association was formed. The English rules, as then in vogue, 
were adopted afmo=t in their entirety and the English champion- 
ship balls were also accepted as official for all American tourna- 
ments. It was decided shortly afterward to hold an annual 
championship tournament at the Newport Casino, and a series 
was started that has since been continued regularly every year, 
becoming second in importance only to the Wimbledon event. 

Dwight and Sears were distinctly superior to all other players in 
America during this early period, and their only dangerous rivals 
for several years were the Clark brothers, of Philadelphia. But 
the game spread very rapidly in American soil, and new courts 
and new players sprang up on every hand, although Sears man- 
aged to retain his title as champion for seven successive years. 
During this time, the play developed rapidly and the skill of the 
players increased with wonderful speed, but Sears kept place 
with all improvements and managed to keep well ahead of all his 
rivals until an injury to his shoulder made it difficult for him to 
play, and he retired on his laurels unbeaten. 

During the first seven years of American lawn tennis, R. D. 
Sears was invincible. The first three seasons he played through 
each tournament at Newport, and each season won the champion- 
ship without the loss of a set. In 1884 the present system of 
barring the champion out of the all-comers' tournament was 
adopted and Sears successfully defended his title against the 



How 1 P I a y Lawn Tennis 17 

challenge of H. A. Taylor, who was the first challenger for the 
American championship. Sears beat Taylor rather easily by 
three sets to one, and the following year he repeated. his success 
over C. M. Brinley, who was the challenger for 1885. 

In 1886 R. L. Beeckman won the Newport tournament and 
cTiallenged in turn f9r the championship title. Again was Sears 
invincible, Beeckman meeting the same fate as both of : hi 9 
predecessors, although he forced the champion to the fir it close 
match he played at Newport. A, year later H. W. Slocum, Jr., 
challenged for the title, and he was badly beaten by Sears in 
straight sets, aUhough he had beaten all of the other leading 
players of the country in the all-comers' tournament. 

Sears's reign ended in 1888, when he voluntarily relinquished 
his claim to the American championship. He had injured his 
shoulder and neck somewhat and was forced to give up severe 
play. Slocum won the Newport tournament again and took the 
championship by default in Sears's absence. This began the 
second era in American championship tournarrients. Slocum's 
"tenure of office" lasted only two years. In 1889 Q. A. Shaw, Jr., 
won the all-comers' tournament at Newport, and wa^s beaten three 
sets to one by Slocum in the challenge round, but a year later 
O. S. Campbell, who had been runner-up to Shaw the year before, 
earned the right to challenge the champion and managed to wrest 
the championship title from him by three sets to one. 

Campbell's successful innovation of extreme net play was the 
first of many experimental stages American players had yet to 
go through. He cultivated volleying far beyond his ground- 
strokes, yet his methods were startlingly successful at home, 
and he proved invincible for three years. In 1891 Clarence 
Hobart challenged him for the championship, and was beaten in 
?. five-set challenge match, and the following year F. H. Hovey, 
of Boston, met a similar fate, although only four sets were re- 
quired this time to settle the question of supremacy. 

The following sunsmer. R. D. Wrenn won the all-comers' tour- 
nament, beating Hovey une-xpectedly in the finals, but before the' 
challenge match could be played, Campbell announced his retire- 
ment, so the championship passed into 'Wrenn's hands by de- 



How to Play Lawn Tennii ^^ 

fault. Wrenn was another voUeyer, but with a good command 
also of ground-strokes, and the modern era in America then 
began with Wrenn's advent in 1893, but his style was not fully 
appreciated until the following year, when M. F. Goodbody, the 
visiting Irish expert, went through the Newport all-comers' 
tournament, beating three of the crack American players, Hovey, 
Ilobart and Larned, by superior steadiness. When Goodbody 
challenged Wrenn, however, it was a different story, and the 
persistent methods of the American champion showed his style 
of net play to be a distinct advance over the former American 
school. 

Hovey had learned the lesson of steadiness better than others 
by the time the next tournament came around, winning the New- 
port tournament with the loss of only one set, and then chal- 
lenged Wrenn and beat him in straight sets for the champion- 
ship. 

In 1897, the season was made memorable by the visit to Ameri- 
can courts of a team of British players composed of W. V. 
Eaves, H. S. Mahony and H. A. Nisbet. They were beaten in 
the international tournaments held at Hoboken, N. J., and Chi' 
cago. 111., and also in an open event at Longwood, Mass., be- 
fore the championship meeting at Newport. Here Eaves beat 
Nisbet in the finals and Mahony was retired in an earlier round 
by M. D. Whitman. Again was Wrenn, the champion, called on 
to defend the national honors against a challenging Englishman 
and again he succeeded in defeating the foreigner. 

A year later, the war with Spain broke out and both Wrenn 
and Larned were among the volunteers who went to the front 
in Cuba. In their absence, the younger generation of Ameri- 
can experts had matters very much their own way, and M. D. 
Whitman loomed up out of the group as the steadiest and in 
many respects the cleverest. He won the Newport tournament 
after one or two close matches and so fell heir to the cham- 
pionship title in the absence of Wrenn. The new champion made 
a wonderful record during 1898, 1899 and 1900, playing steadily 
through all of the most important American and Canadian tour- 




I, N. W. Niles and (2) A. S. Dabnev, Jr., VVii 
pionship. W. C. Grant and (3) T. R. Pell, 
championship. 



r.ers Eastern Doubles Cham- 
Winners Southern Doubles 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 21 

naments during the three seasons, and losing three matches the 
first year, none the second and only one the third. 

The season of 1899 was Whitinan's most remarkable one, for 
he not only did not lose a single match, but was not once forced 
close in tournament play. With unbroken success he defended 
all of the many challenge cups he had won the previous year, and 
when he came to defend his championship title he was considered 
invincible. 

The season of 1900 was made notable by the first officially 
recognized international matches in the sport. Through the 
generosity of D. F. Davis, an International Challenge Cup was 
offered and a challenging team was sent to America ta try for 
the new trophy. This was composed of A. W. Gore, E. D. 
Black and Ho R. Barrett, Black being a Scotchman and the other 
two English. The international matches took place at Longwood, 
Mass., the first week in August. The American team won the 
first three matches played, giving them the victory before the 
last two matches of the series were finished. 

Two of the foreigners, Gore and Black, were also entered for 
the championship event at Newport, but made a poor showing 
there. W. A. Earned had an easy road to the finals, winning the 
all-comers' and challenging Champion Whitman. Again the 
champion proved invincible and although Larned's brilliancy car- 
ried off the second set in fine style, his spasmodic attack finally 
broke down before Whitman's wonderful defence and the cham- 
pion retained his honors without great difficulty. 

This, his third successive victory, gave him possession of the 
fourth American championship challenge cup, its predecessors 
having been captured by Sears, Carripbell and Wrenn. 

The following year, 1901, witnessed Larned's triumph in 
taking the championship, for which he had played many years. 
He came through the tournament, meeting Beals C. Wright in 
the final, and then upon the default of Champion Whitman, the 
first holding of the newly offered cup went to Earned. In the 
same tournament, Holcombe Ward and Dwight F. Davis won 
the doubles honors, for the third consecutive year and became 




BEALS C. WRIGHT. 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 23 

the possessors of the twin cups presented by Col. John Jacob 
Astor, the most valuable trophies ever offered in the sport. 

After the lapse of a year, the English again tried for the Davis 
International Cup, in 1902, the team being composed of the 
most famous exponents of the game in England, Reginald F. 
Doherty and Hugh Lawrence Doherty, while the third player of 
the team was Dr. Joshua Pim. The matches were played on the 
courts of the Crescent Athletic Club, at Bay Ridge, N. Y., the 
Americans successfully defending the trophy by winning three of 
the five matches.' In the singles, Larned lost to R. F. Doherty, 
after having him two-love on sets, when the contest was stopped 
and delayed until the next day by a thunderstorm. Whitman in 
his matches defeated Dr. Pim and R. F. Doherty, while in the 
doubles. Ward and Davis were defeated by the Doherty brothers. 
This last contest was witnessed by thirteen thousand spectators, 
the largest number ever assembled about a tennis court in the 
world. In the national championships at Newport, R. F. Do- 
herty came through the tournament a winner, defeating Whit- 
man in the final, but being unable to win the title from Larned. 

The season of 1903 proved a disastrous one for the Americans, 
and the Britons made a complete sweep of the courts. Playing 
both the singles and doubles alone, although H. S. Mahony 
accompanied them, the Doherty brothers won the International 
Cup on the courts at Longwood, Boston, by four matches out of 
five. The American win was a default to Larned by R. F. 
Doherty after he had injured his shoulder. Robert D. Wrenn, 
playing in the singles with Larned, was defeated, and paired with 
his brother, George L. Wrenn, Jr., they went down rather easily 
before the British pair. As the Dohertys had won the Eastern 
doubles the year previous and the national championship in that 
event, they defended that honor successfully and also took the 
singles by the defeat of Larned by H. L. Doherty, who won the 
tournament after meeting W. J. Clothier in the final. 

No American challenge for the lost cup was made in 1904. 
The championship in singles went to Holcombe Ward by the 
riefault of H. L. Doherty, after Ward had defeated Clothier in 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 25 

the final of the tournament. A new pair also came to the front 
in doubles, as Ward paired with Beals C. Wright, and gained 
the title by the defeat of Kriegh Collins and Raymond D. Little, 
the Western champions, in the East vs. West match. 

The first American challenge for the lost cup was made in 
1905, and the team sent in quest of it was composed of Ward, 
Larned, Wright and Clothier. The Americans failed to win a 
single match of the challenge round against the Dohertys and 
Frank L. Riseley, although they won their way to the privilege 
of becoming challengers by in turn defeated Belgium, France, 
and Australasia. Austria was also represented, being defeated 
by Australasia. 

In igo6 America tried again for the international trophy, send- 
ing Beals Wright, Kriegh Collins, Raymond Little and Holcombe 
Ward. As far as the chances of the American team were con- 
cerned, the contests were decided before the team left America by 
the accident that befell Beals C. Wright at the Crescent Athletic 
Club, Brooklyn, N. Y., and the lack of form that Kriegh Collins 
displayed. The Dohertys again were triumphant. 

In 1907 Beals C. Wright and Karl Behr journeyed to Great 
Britain, in an effort to regain the Davis trophy, but were unsuc- 
cessful, being defeated by the Australian team — Brookes and 
Wilding — the Doherty brothers not contesting. 

The cup having gone to Australia, a journey to the Antipodes 
was necessary in the efifort to restore the trophy to its own country, 
and accordingly a team composed of Beals C. Wright of Boston 
and Frederick B. Alexander of New York set out in September, 
1908, for Melbourne. The pair put up a great battle against 
Brookes and Wilding, but the latter finally prevailed. 




MISS MAY SJJTTON, 
Winner of the Pacific Coast Championship, and the World's Champion. 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 2'p 



A First Lesson for Beginners. 

To begin right is half the game in lawn tennis, and if one 
wants to learn to play the game well, it is important to 
begin correctly. Some of the simplest matters are the most im- 
portant, and if these are mastered at the start the improvement 
in skill will follow quickly after, and the development be gradual 
but rapid. To accumulate bad habits of play when first learning 
the game is only to handicap a beginner indefinitely, for it is 
much harder to give up bad habits and alter the style in these 
small matters than to begin all over again and learn anew. Some 
of the most important of these minor details are the smallest 
and the most likely to be overlooked. They are not child's play, 
by any means, and should not be ignored because they seem 
simple. Even the best experts had to learn them first and must 
observe them as well as the beginner. 

First and most important of all, the racket should be firmly 
gripped in making all of the strokes. A loose grasp ruins other- 
wise good play, and no habit interferes with progress more than 
that of holding the handle loosely. The slightest relaxation in 
the grasp will often let the racket turn in the hand while mak- 
ing a stroke, and it is failure in consequence. It should be 
held by the extreme end always, the "butt" or leather binding at 
the end resting against the ball of the hand. 

Fl" all forehand strokes, or those made when the ball is on 
the . .ght side of the body, the hand should rest diagonally along 
the handle, with the first finger separated from the others and 
extended an inch or two further along the racket, but also wrap- 
ped around it; it should never rest its full length along the 
handle, as we sometimes see beginners doing. The finger nail^ 
w^en at rest on the handle, should face at the moment the ball 
is hit in the direction in which it is to fly. 

For backhand strokes, those made when the ball is on the left 



28 Ho w to Play Lawn Tennis 

side and the arm and racket must be drawn across in front of the 
body, the fingers should be closed together and the thumb ex- 
tended out straight along the handle behind the racket, in order 
to give more force and better direction to the ball. In backhand 
play, the second or middle knuckles should face when the racket 
meets it in the direction in which the ball is to be driven. 

In changing the grip after one stroke for another on the oppo- 
site side, it is necessary to shift the grip somewhat, but this is 
easily accomplished as the racket is carried across in front of 
the body. It is the custom of almost all good players to balance 
the racket between strokes in front of the body, with the upper 
part of the handle at the "splice," as the fork where the wood 
of the handle spreads out into the frame is called, resting lightly 
in the left hand. 

After every stroke it is well to return the racket to this posi- 
tion, and the shift in the grip between strokes will never be found 
difficult if this is done. In the heat of the play, the effort of 
shifting the hold becomes almost unconscious and does not dis- 
tract attention from the strokes themselves Nearly all experts 
condemn as bad form the habit of playing both forehand and 
backhand strokes with the same grip. 

In actually making the stroke, the racket should start as far 
behind the point which the ball is to be hit as possible, and swing 
as far beyond it after the blow as the full reach will permit. 
In forehand strokes, the full length of the arm should be ex- 
tended behind the body to start the swing with plenty of impetus 
and the stroke should be finished well up over the left shoulder, 
the racket even turning in the wrist and dropping down back of 
the head to stop its impetus. 

The swing for backhand stroke should be almost exactly the 
reverse, the racket starting over the left shoulder and ending 
at the extreme length of the arm extend out beyond. The body, 
however, should be turned around in exactly the opposite direc- 
tjon, so as to face the ball for each stroke, and the position of 
the feet should be shifted so as to give the firmest balance and 
the freest motion of the body. The feet should be spread well 
apart and the body bent forward at the hips just before the ball 



H o zv to Play Lawn Tennis 29 

is struck, so that its weight is added to the impulse of the 
racket in making the stroke. 

As in golf, the weight of the body is carried on the rear leg 
and foot before the stroke, and as the racket swings toward the 
ball, it is thrown forward, shifting to the other, so the added 
force of the body greatly increases the power of the stroke. A 
long swinging sweep of the arm and racket should be cultivated 
so as to meet the ball squarely and with a powerful impact as it 
comes toward you. 

All side motion of the recket is lost power ; as in golf, the 
head of the racket and the wrist that guides it should travel as 
nearly as possible in the direction the ball is to go just before the 
stroke, while actually hitiing the ball and as long as possible 
after the impact. The "follow through" is nearly the same in ten- 
nis as in golf and quite as important. Greater freedom in 
swinging the weight of the body while making the stroke is 
possible in tennis, for the. left arm is free to help recover the 
balance, while in golf both ar€ required in holding the club. A 
tennis stroke is made while the body is in motion, too, instead 
of being still, as in golf, so the weight is carried still further 
forward and checked by bringing the rear foot o utin front of 
other. In making a fast tennis stroke forehanded, the weight 
starts on the right foot, shifts to the left as the ball is hit, and is 
finally checked again on the right, which takes a step forward 
to recover the balance just after making the stroke. 

In making lawn tennis strokes, it is vitally important to keep 
away from the ball. One of the most common errors among 
beginners — even with some experienced players — is that of getting 
too close to the ball while playing. The cramped elbow that 
results from this ruins many more strokes than ever spoiled by 
being too far away from the ball. A splendid maxim laid down 
by an expert player is that every player should go to the ball in 
making a stroke, and never let the ball come to him. Even when 
one finds himself in the right position to take the ball, it is better 
to step back as it approaches and then forward again to meet 
it, for this insures the correct position, with better speed and 
direction with the weight moving forward when the stroke is 




EX-CHAMPION W. J. CLOTHIER. 



H 7v to Play Lawn Tennis 3^ 

made. If the flight or bound of the ball is a little further than 
calculated, the player will still be in the right position and not 
too close. In every stroke of the game, the position should be 
that of meeting the ball; no fast stroke can be made while mov- 
ing backward or even with the weight thrown backward. 

The actual position of the racket in the hand while the stroke 
is being made is very important. In the preliminary swing anA 
in hitting the ball, the head of the racket should be nearly level 
with the wrist, and the end of the swing should finish with the 
racket well above the wrist. This requires an upward motion 
of the racket's head as well as the forearm, and it is this motion 
that lifts the ball over the net, while turning of the wrist to one 
side or the other directs it to the right or left. 

As the racket meets the ball, its head should be drawn slightly 
upward so that the strings are dragged across the face of the 
ball as they hit it, and this slight side motion gives the ball a 
twist that keeps it from "sailing," and makes it drop soon after 
crossing the net. In some of the "lift" strokes or "drop" strokes 
played by experts,- like the famous "Lawford" stroke, for in- 
stance, this drop is much exaggerated, and the ball describes a 
rainbow arch in its flight, dropping suddenly after crossing the 
net. Much power is wasted in such strokes, but a little twist 
is generally necessary to hit the ball hard and still make it fall 
inside of the court-lines. 

The height at which the ball should be taken depends on the 
height of its bound, which in turn depends on the hardness of 
the court. On most grass courts, the bound in fast play reaches 
about to the knee, and this is the best height at which to hit the 
the ball. Even on harder courts, of "dirt," sand or boards, it is 
better to let the ball drop to this height before hitting it, al- 
though the longer bound keeps the player further back in his 
court, which is not often desirable. ^Sometimes, it is necessary 
to hit. the ball at the level with the hip to prevent being driven 
too far from the net, but no stroke should ever be made under- 
hand with the ball higher than the hip. 

The eyes should be kept on the ball all of the time as it ap- 
proaches; even up to the time of hitting it, one should watch 




LARNED'S BACKHAND STKOK.B. 



How 1 P lay Law n Tennis 33; 

the ball, not the racket or the opposing player. It is some- 
times necessary to look up for a second to see the direction in 
which it is to be placed and where the opponent is, but this, 
ghould be done before the stroke begins, not while it is being 
made. A player often reads his opponent's intention from the 
direction in which he is looking, and if one looks where he 
plans to place the ball, he may betray his thoughts and the op- 
ponent anticipate the stroke by going directly to the spot. 

Perhaps the best way for one who wants to play tennis well, 
is to practice strokes against a blank wall— high fence, the side 
of a house, or some obstacle of that kind— batting the ball up 
against it again and again, hitting it from the bound each 
time it returns. Nothing can possibly afford better practice than 
this kind of play. Experts use it constantly in the spring, and 
find it a better way of getting into form, of "getting their eye 
on the ball," as they say, than even regular practice on a regular 
court. The ball always comes back at the corresponding angle 
to that at which it struck the wall, and with much greater regu- 
larity than any human opponent could return it. 

In all forms of practice, whether against a wall or an antago- 
nist, the method of making the strokes should be kept in mind 
all of the time. Every stroke made in bad form is just so much 
wasted practice, and if a faulty style is contracted, the longer 
it is allowed to continue without correction, the more danger- 
ous it becomes. Bad form in lawn tennis is as difficult to over- 
come as bad habits in anything else. Some of the simplest and 
least offensive of mannerisms, too, often develop into mjurious 
habits if not checked at once. 

Holding the racket loosely in the hand, swinging it or twist- 
ing it sidewise before making a stroke, jumping a little just be- 
fore the stroke instead of while it is being made, taking the eyes 
off the ball, and even momentary lapses of indifference while 
playing are all dangerous habits to contract, and each will de- 
velop into a bad fault if not checked at once. 

The questions of placing the ball and of covering court so as 
to prevent the opponent from out-placing you are very impor- 
tant, and both permit unlimited .^tudy ; in fact, the cleverest of 




L. H. WAIDNER, 

Chicago. 

In the Western Championship Tournament. 



How to Play L a iv n T e n n { s^ 35 

tournament players never stop working on these problems. After 
every stroke from one side of the court or the other, one should 
immediately hurry back to the centre of the base-line, so as to 
be ready to start for the next ball, no matter where it is placed. 
If she is caught too far away from the centre, the opponent will 
surely win the stroke by placing the ball to the other side of the 
court and out of her reach. 

Not long ago I discovered an expert tournament player re- 
peatedly stood still after making a stroke from one side of the 
court, and waited to see the result of his play, instead of hurry- 
ing back to the centre of the base-line in anticipation of his 
opponent's next stroke. By this error, he constantly left his 
court open at the opposite side for a well-placed ball that would 
win the point. 

When badly pressed for time or too far out to one side of the 
court to get back again, a lob is always useful, and it gives a 
player plenty of time to get back into position for -the next play. 
Beginners should all learn to lob well, as thih is an invaluable 
stroke and can always be resorted to for a dei^nse. 

An overhand service is practically necessary for those who 
want to play the game well, although some players learn to 
serve underhand with such a sharp twist that it is difficult to 
make a hard return from the low erratic bound. The ball should 
be thrown up in the air as straight as possible over the right 
shoulder for the overhand service, and hit just as it pauses in 
the air before falling. To throw it much higher and hit it as it 
falls is much more difficult and less effective. 

An overhand service should be made as fast as the player can 
control the ball within the boundaries of the proper court. The 
second service, too, after a first fault has been served, should 
be made in the same way but slower. To serve in a different 
way only tends to upset the accuracy of the first service as well 
as the second, and weakens both. 




I, H. T. Mollenhauer; 2, Prof. L. Perry; 3, F. DeRham; 4, C. C. Pell. 



How to Play Lawn Tsnnit 3^ 

How to Make the Most Important Strokes. 

I. — The Service. 

Having first mastered the rudiments of the game, one is 
soon led on to the more intricate points of play. In hitting the 
ball, there are very many variations possible, of course, but the 
whole list of strokes can be divided safely into four classes: (i) 
The service, (2) horizontal ground strokes, (3) the volley and 
the half-volley, and (4) the lob. Let us consider the service 
first, as it is the opening stroke in every play. 

The service is restricted by the rules of the game more closely 
than any other play, and it is w^ell that it is so, for there have 
been many attempts to take advantage of the attack given to 
the server by his being allowed to make the first stroke of each 
series. The service rule (No. 6) has had to be changed repeat- 
edly to keep the server from infringing on the rights of his 
opponent. In the modern game it is considered a great ad- 
vantage to get up the net to volley as soon as possible after the 
service has been delivered, and the American experts a few 
years ago carried this plan of attack so far that they served on 
the run, and a new rule (that which is at present in force) had 
to be adopted to stop their onslaught. 

It has always been the intention of the rules to make the 
server stand at the base-line when he delivered his service, and 
the wording has been changed only to define this position more 
closely, so that he shall remain there until after the ball has 
been delivered. Otherwise, he is allowed to hit the ball as he 
pleases, and it is a good service if the ball drops in the service- 
court diagonally opposite him, and does not touch the net in 
crossing. • Naturally, the faster the service the more difficult it 
is to return, and all efforts have been directed toward getting 
greater speed in the delivery without forcing the ball to strike 
out of the required court. 

There used to be many methods of underhand twist services 





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I, Hal Braly, a Southern California crack; 2, Winfred Mace; 3, O. V. 
Vernon; 4, Drummond Jones. 



How to may Lawn Tennis 39 

used, much like those of rackets and courts tennis, and it was 
intended to make the ball bound up from the ground at an 
erratic angle that would make it more difficult for the opponem 
to return. These twist services passed out of use, however 
.vhen faster return strokes and harder drives came mto use and 
have been only occasionally revived for special uses, sometimes 
against women in mixed doubles, or occasionally agamst a 
player who finds it difficult to hit the heavily cut ball. It is also 
occasionally useful to serve an underhand twist ball when the 
sun shines brightly in the server's face, and makes it difficuh to 
look up for an overhand service. The American twist service is 
a newer and more scientific development of these old-fashioned 
^wist deliveries, but the ball is served overhand and very fast. 
A special chapter has been devoted to this one play. 

The most useful and commonest service used by good players 
is an overhand delivery almost straight with a slight cut to the 
right that keeps the ball from "sailing" in the air. A ball always 
travels faster and truer if it turns on its own axis, and this same 
principle which is used in ''rifling" guns is brought into use m 
serving a tennis ball. The player should reach as high as pos- 
sible, even serving up on the right toe, and strike the ball at 
the extreme length of this racket. The server should reach up 
a little above the ball, too, so that the pressure of the racket 
shall be slightly on top as well as on the right side of the ball. 
This top twist helps to bring the ball down into the court, when 
sometimes it might otherwise go out and be a fault. ^ 

This overhand cut service curves slightly to the (servers) 
left and its tendency is to draw the opponent out slightly in 
that direction in order to return it. If a player can combine 
this service with a "reverse" service, which is made by drawing 
the racket across the ball in the opposite direction, from left to 
right he can fool the adversary wonderfully by varying the two, 
and keep him guessing almost constantly. This gives the server 
a big advantage, for the opponent is unable to anticipate his 
delivery and finds it more difficult to make a strong return. 
It is important to have a strong second service, and too many 



40 How to Play Lawn Tennis 

players neglect this feature of their play, serving so slowly and 
"softly" in their anxiety to be certain to avoid the double fault, 
that their second service is very easy to kill. The second 
service should be as nearly like the first as possible, only mod- 
erated enough to be certain of not missing making a double 
fault. I know a number of good tournament players whose 
game shows the woeful weakness of a second service that can 
be killed often by a fast drive from the slow high bound. It is 
doubly important that the second service should be as long as 
possible, that is, following as near the service-line as possible; 
and that it should not bound high so as to offer a tempting 
mark to drive at. 

Many players try for exceptional speed with their first service, 
when they know that the chances are heavily against their 
making the stroke count. The result is that the second service, 
when they miss, is so much softer than the first that it is easy 
to kill. It is better to make the first a little slower and be more 
sure of bringing it in, and then to make the second more nearly 
like the first if the latter should be a fault. 

If the server plans to run in on his service and to volley the 
opponent's first return, there are other considerations than mere 
speed and twist to consider in making the service. Direction 
and placing are even more important than either speed or bound, 
for the ball must be carefully placed to make the server's posi- 
tion safe at the net. It is generally the safest in running in, to 
serve to the centre of the court, for it is always more difficult 
for the opponent to pass a volleyer at the net from the centre 
of the court than from either edge, where the side-line is always 
open. 

If the opponent is particularly weak on his backhand, or if he 
stands well over toward the centre of the court to anticipate a 
delivery to this point, it is well to vary the direction of the 
service to the extreme edge of the right-hand court. This will 
often force him out of court to make the return, and its unex- 
pected direction wiH make it more difficult for him to handle 
the ball well. 



ff0w to Play Lawn Tennis 

11. — The Ground-Stroke. 

At least three-quarters of the game is made up of ground- 
strokes, and upon a player's skill in this department of the game 
depends much of his success. It is impossible to play the game 
well without good ground-strokes, and very few men have ever 
succeeded with only volleying to back them up. To win a rally 
by volleying at the net requires, first, good ground-strokes to 
make the opening when the volleyer will be safe at the net. To 
be sure, there is only one stroke in each rally that is required 
by law to be played off the ground — the return of the service- 
but few men are able to volley so well that they can reach the 
net safely after every service and first return, and it is prac- 
tically necessary to earn the position for a smash or volleyed ace 
by good ground-strokes that lead up to the winning position. 

The straight horizontal drive is the most useful of all the 
ground-strokes, and this can be made either forehand or back- 
hand. It needs a full, long swing, a clean-hit ball and as much 
body swing and "carry through," as the golfers call it, as it is 
possible to get in the stroke. The ball is best taken at about 
the height of the knee, and a little "lift" put on it at the end of 
the stroke. Many players have a habit of striking the ball much 
higher than the knee, often higher than the waist, but this not 
only makes the stroke more difficult to execute, but it also in- 
creases the chances of putting it into the net. In making this 
stroke, I want to emphasize once more, however, the importance 
of getting the weight of the body into the stroke and of throw- 
ing it forward so that the weight follows the racket as long ?s 
possible. 

Most beginners in lawn tennis have a tendency to push the 
ball rather than to hit it, and the effect is to ruin what might 
otherwise be a good stroke. The impact against the ball should 
be clean-cut and sharp, but the racket should follow the ball 
until it is well started on its course. 

The drop stroke, often erroneously called the "Lawford" 
stroke, is an exaggeration of this side-strike that has become 



42 How to Play Lawn Tennis 

very commonly used; in fact, more often seen than the true 
stroke. In making this, the racket meets the ball with a diag- 
onal sweep, striking it a glancing blow with a sharp up-twist that 
drags the ball along with it and gives it a sharp spinning motion, 
like a "follow" shot in billiards. By some tennis players this is 
so much exaggerated that the ball describes "a sharp, rainbow- 
like course as it crosses the net and dips quickly after crossing, 
so that many balls that seem to be going out of court ultimately 
fall inside the boundaries. 

This stroke is very useful for passing an opponent at the net, 
for it is doubly difficult to volley a falling ball like this sends, 
but against an opponent at the back of his court, it takes un- 
necessary risks without proportionate gain, for it accomplishes 
no more, save, possibly, a little greater speed than the straight 
side-stroke. 

The chop-stroke is another method of striking the ball after 
it has bounded which has found a great many devotees. The 
ball is hit with a downward chopping motion like that made by 
a woodsman swinging an axe. The head of the racket is 
bevelled and meets the ball at a sharp angle, striking a glancing 
blow that gives the ball a sharp back-spinning motion, opposite 
to that given by the drop or lift stroke, and like the spin of a 
billiard ball after it has been played for a draw-shot. 

This stroke is a corruption of the English method of striking 
under the ball rather than over it, as so many Americans do, 
and it has been exaggerated until some players "chop" nearly 
every ball they play. The tendency of this stroke is to keep 
the ball up, rather than make it drop into court, and unless it 
is played slow or from well above the net, it often sails out of 
court. The player has a little better command of the ball, per- 
haps, but less speed than with the straight side-stroke. 

In backhand play, the straight side stroke is the most useful 
of all but more difficult than the chop-stroke. The drop-stroke 
is very difficult to play on the back-hand side and few players 
ever use it except on the forehand, while the cut or chop stroke 
is the ' '^iest and most often used on the back-hand. The Eng- 



How to Play Lawn T e nn ♦-? 

lish players use it a good deal, cutting much more in their back- 
hand play than on the other side of the body. 

The chop-stroke is the most difficult of all to handle at the 
back of the court, because of the twisting ball and low bound, 
but it is very easy indeed to volley if an opponent plays it 
when one is waiting at the net. The straight side-stroke is the 
best of all for driving against a base-line player and the drop- 
stroke for passing. It is difficult, however, to combine both, 
and few players have succeeded in doing so. A man must 
choose one or the other to gain success and stand or fall by 
that. It takes a wonderful amount of practice to perfect either 
stroke and if one divides his time and attention between two 
different styles, he is likely to imitate the "Jack of all trades, 
master of none." e 

In receiving the service, the ground-stroke must be used al- 
ways, and it depends upon the style of the opponent which is 
the best play to use against him. If the server runs in to the 
net to volley after each service, a side-line passing drive or a 
short cross-court stroke will generally prove the best answer 
to his attack. Such a return makes the ball drop so soon after 
crossing the net that it is very difficult for him to volley the 
stroke, and even if he does succeed, he generally hits the ball 
below the level of the net and his volley becomes less dangerous 
because he must lift the ball up again somewhat in order ti^ 
keep it from going into the net. If he volleys too well to pass, 
then a lob must be resorted to. 

If the opponent is a base-line player and does not run in at 
once to volley, the drop-stroke is not so useful for attacking or 
opening upon an attack for a winning volley at the net, as either 
the chop-stroke or the straight side-stroke. It adds to the 
chance of error without increasing the force of the attack. The 
drop-stroke spins out a good deal after it has struck the ground 
and loses much of its speed when it rises the second time for 
the opponent to return, while the chop-stroke "shoots" faster 
than ever from the ground and the straight side-stroke holds 
most of its place after bounding. 



44 How to Play Lawn Tennis 

The question of length is of utmost importance m making 
good ground-strokes, and for this purpose the straight side- 
stroke is the most powerful of all ground-strokes. Both the 
chop-stroke and the drop-stroke depend on their twist to keep 
them within the boundaries of the court, while the side-stroke 
is aimed for the spot it is intended to strike. In using the drop- 
stroke, the player aims many feet beyond where he expects the 
ball to fall, and depends upon the drop to bring it into the court, 
while with the chop-stroke, it is just the reverse, for the player 
has to aim the ball many feet short of the base-line in order 
to bring it inside of the line, as the under-twist makes the ball 
"sail" somewhat. 

For all-round uses, therefore, the straight side-stroke is the 
most useful, but it does not follow that no cut should ever 
be used with it. On the contrary, it 15 possible to use a little 
of either cut with this stroke, and thus get part of the effect 
of either of the other two strokes, while with either of the 
exaggerated styles, the other is almost impossible to acquire. 
Many players who have mastered the straight side-stroke, and 
who follow through after the ball the longest in making it, vary 
its use a good deal by twisting the ball slightly according to the 
position of the opponent. 

Against a man at the net, they finish the stroke with the 
racket drawn somewhat up toward the left shoulder, and this 
gires the ball a top twist that makes it drop slightly after 
crossing the net, although not nearly so much as with the 
regular drop-stroke. When the opponent is at the base-line, a 
little under twist keeps the ball from bounding high and makes 
it shoot so from the bound that it will be forced further away 
and find it more difficult than ever to make a safe return. With 
this straight side-stroke, the player has the best control of the 
ball that can be secured, and if he follows it well with his racket 
in hitting it, he can direct the ball very closely to where he 
wants it to go. 



How to Play Lawn Tennis ^r 

III.— The Volley and Half- Volley. 

The most thoroughly American stroke of all those which are 
used in lawn tennis is the volley, and much of its modern de« 
velopment is due to American methods. Our players volley with 
much more aggressiveness than the Englishmen and their attack- 
is much stronger and more effective in consequence. A great 
part of the volleying abroad is underhand, the ball being struck 
from below the level of the net and must be lifted back over 
its top again before it can seek a vulnerable point of the adver- 
sary's court. This naturally lessens its power of attack and 
makes it more of a defensive stroke. 

Americans, on the other hand, rush in much closer to the 
net and volley sharper and faster, hitting the ball at the top of 
its flight and driving it downward with a sharp stroke. They 
smash much more, too, than their English cousins and seldom 
fail to take advantage of an opening for a killing stroke, when 
the foreigners often satisfy themselves by keeping the ball in 
play with underhand volleys that do not kill. 

My advice to any young player who wants to learn to volley 
underhand is — don't do it at all. At best it is a defensive stroke, 
and a volley should never be allowed to be defensive. If driven 
back from the net so far that it is impossible to reach the ball 
before it has fallen so low as to make an underhand volley 
necessary, it is much preferable for the player io fall back still 
further and make a ground-stroke instead of a low volley. The 
position is stronger and stroke is likely to be much better. 

Horizontal volleying is the most important of all, and upon 
his skill at that depends a large pait of a player's success at net 
play. Once safely ensconced at the net, all fast returns offer 
horizontal volleys and only the lobbed balls give openings for 
overhead volleying or smashing. The most important point in 
horizontal volleying is to hold the wrist very stiff and to meet 
the ball with a rigid racket that does not give at all from the 
impact. One should never volley upward either; it is better to 
strike a little downward and if the ball is too close to the net 
to direct it downward at once, the face of the racket can be 



46 How to Play Lawn Tennis 

bevelled slightly upward to keep the ball from going into the net. 

The racket should be drawn back eighteen inches or two feet 
as the ball comes toward you, and then brought forward with a 
quick, determined stroke that meets the ball with a sharp blow 
and follows it as far as possible. To merely stop a ball without 
striking it, or even after striking it, to relax the grip of the 
racket so that it gives when the ball meets it, means to rob 
the volley of all its life and snap, and to make a weak return 
of the stroke. Except for the tricky "stop-volley" which is 
rapidly coming into use for grass court play against a base- 
line player, the ball should always be hit firmly and sharply and 
the direction controlled by turning the wrist in- one direction or 
another at the last second before striking the ball. 

These stop-volleys are made by close net players by holding 
the racket rather loosely and merely stopping a fast drive at 
the net and allowing the ball to fall just over into the opposite 
court and drop there lifeless with little or no bound. If the 
opponent is far back in his court and not expecting this play, he 
is seldom able to get up to the net in time to reach the ball before 
it bounds the second time. It is possible to bring off these stop- 
volleys successfully, however, only when the volleyer is very 
close to the net, so close in fact that he is in danger of having 
the ball lobbed over his head. The correct play against a 
volleyer who gets in so close as this is always to lob over his 
head, for he is seldom able to back away in time to volley the 
ball, and generally has to let it bound and return it with another 
lob. 

Overhead volleying or smashing is much like serving. The 
player should reach as high as possible over his head and strike 
the ball from over his right shoulder with as much force as 
possible. In smashing, the weight should be thrown far forward 
and the additional impetus of the body's swing added to the force 
of the blow. The object of a smash is to kill a dropping ball by 
the sheer speed of the blow, rather than the accuracy of its plac- 
ing, but many well-smashed balls are returned by the opponent, 
and the player should not lose his balance entirely, for then he 



How to Flay Lawn Tennis Al 

will not be ready for the next stroke in case his antagonist should 
return his first smash. 

It is never safe to risk a smash if behind the service-line, 
and a ball that is going to fall further back than that should be 
volleyed rather than smashed. Smashing is very much over- 
done anyway. It is quite unnecessary to smash many short lobs 
that come to a player during the course of a game, for an ordi- 
narily fast overhead volley to some remote part of the court 
where it is well out of the reach of the opponent is quite as 
effective as a smash, and reduces materially the chance of error 
without weakening the chances of winning the ace. When a 
volley will kill the ball, a player should never risk a smash or 
waste his strength on the play either. 

Half-volleying is only a makeshift at best to cover up a 
mistake in position. A player should never half-volley if it is 
possible to make any other stroke. He should go back and play 
off the ground, or run forward to meet the ball and volley the 
return. Some of the English players half-volley aggressively 
from choice, even when it is possible for them to avoid the 
stroke, but this play has been fostered and practiced because of 
the volleying position of the Englishmen, many feet further 
from the net than that which the Americans prefer. The conse- 
quence is that many balls drop at their feet when they are in 
their customary position for volleying, at the service-line, and 
they get used to half-volleying instead of shifting position to get 
the ball either on the volley or after it has risen well from the 
ground. 

IV. — The Lob. 

The lob is a stroke that used to be considered only useful 
for defence, but modern American methods have brought it 
into common -play both for attack and defence, and it has now 
become recognized as a general stroke of the game. Primarily, 
it is used either to get the ball out of the reach of an opponent 
at the net waiting to volley it, or to save time by knocking the 
ball high into the air while you get back into position or recover 
your "wind," if out of breath. • 



48 How to Play Lawn Tennis 

Some players find it difficult to kill a lobbed ball, and in a 
tournament match the ability to lob well may prove of great 
advantage against an antagonist. If hard pressed, it also fur- 
nishes a breathing spell that may be just enough to save the set. 
The ball should be played high into the air and well back, in the 
opponent's court. The lob short is sure death, and one had 
better not lob at all than to lob short of the service-line. The 
ball should be hit with confidence and with force behind it, 
not hesitatingly, as though the player were afraid the stroke 
would be a failure. This uncertain way of lobbing is the most 
dangerous of all. 

Of recent years, however, still another use has come into 
play for the lob, and this is the result of the American habit of 
getting in close to the net to volley. Once the opponent gets 
in closer than the usual net position, when less than ten feet 
from the net, the overhead attack can be started by lobbing, 
and he can quickly be driven away from his advantageous posi- 
tion. A low lob, just out of his reach, sometimes scores a clean 
ace, and even a high one will often force him to turn and run 
back in his court to return the ball. 

A young player should always practice lobbing enough to be 
certain of the play. It is always useful and one can never tell 
when he will have to bring the stroke into use. Nothing is more 
demoralizing, too, than to lob short and have the bah killed so 
hard that you have not a chance to reach it. Before an import- 
ant match, it is a good plan to practice lobbing for some time, 
and the question of length should be watched closely, for a 
good lob should always fall between the service-line and the 
base-line — better yet, within ten feet of the base-line. 

I have often spent an hour with a patient friend on the other 
side of the net, practicing just this one stroke, and the result 
justified all my hard work, for it gave me command of a play 
that served me in good stead whenever I got into any kind of 
difficulties. It is the most perfect defence that can be found, 
and against any but a very strong smasher, it often becomes ^ 
strong attack. 



H o 10 to Play Lawn Tennis 49 



The American Twist Service 

There has been a good deal of mystery surrounding the Ameri- 
can twist services which have recently become so prominent in 
the international matches. As a matter of fact, there should be 
no mystery at all in regard to this play, as it is simply a scien- 
tific development of the common underhand twist strokes adapted 
for overhead play with the additional speed which has made the 
new stroke so formidable. It is a common error to call these 
deliveries "reverse twists," for, as a matter of fact, the only re- 
verse twist overhead service in use among the experts is that de- 
livered by Champion Whitman, while the twist service used by 
Davis, Ward and Alexander have all the natural out twist. As 
Davis is a left-handed player, his service "breaks" from the 
ground in the opposite direction from those deliveries by right- 
handed players. 

Ever since the early days of baseball the scientific theory of 
curving a ball in the air has been well understood. The top of 
a carriage wheel travels faster than the bottom, because its axis 
is moving ahead all of the time, and in the same way the friction 
on the side of a ball which is twisting on its own axis is greater 
on the side which is going fastest through the air— the right- 
hand side in a right-twist delivery and vice versa. The rougher 
the surface of any spherical body the more it will curve in the 
air, because the friction becomes greater against the particles of 
the air itself. The rough felt covering of a lawn tennis ball 
causes more friction than a leather-covered baseball and conse- 
quently the tennis ball curves more in the air. 

The secret of success in making this new twist service is not 
to make the ball curve so much to one side or the other as to 
curve downward in its flight, like the "drop" of a modern base- 
ball pitcher. It is necessary to make a tennis ball drop quickly 
after crossing the net if it is to be served with much speed and 



50 Ho w to Play Lawn Tennis 

still strike within the boundary of the service court. To accom- 
plish this the ball must be hit on top as inuch as possible, and the 
secret of the new twist service lies in reaching over the ball and 
striking it from above as well as one side. The racket strings 
are drawn across the cover of the ball as much as possible, the 
ball taking the strings near one edge of the frame and leaving at 
the other side. To do this a very quick side motion is required, 
and it is this that gives the ball its rapid spinning motion. 

It has been a mystery to many why a tennis ball should bound 
in the opposite direction from its curve, but if one will apply the 
principle of the "English" in billiards he will understand at once 
the reason. In the overhand out twist, as served by Ward and 
Alexander, the ball spins sharply on its own axis, combining the 
effect of right-hand English and the "follow" shot in billiards — 
in other words, it spins exactly like a billiard ball when hit for a 
follow shot with right English. It curves to the (server's) left 
in seeking the line of the least resistance (which is a comnion 
rule in all physics) because of the greater friction on its right 
side, and it curves downward in its flight because of the greater 
friction on its top side. 

Instantly the ball strikes the ground it breaks to the right be- 
cause the spinning motion drags it that way when it comes in con- 
tact with the ground, just the same as a billiard ball with right 
English will rebound to the right when it strikes the cushion of 
the table. Thus we have the double motion in this new twist 
service, which has puzzled so many who have played against it. 
The reason why its effect has been greater with American than 
with English balls is because the surface covering of the Ameri- 
can ball is rougher than that of the English, and the resistance in 
going through the air becomes greater in consequence. The ball 
gets a sharper twist from the racket because the rougher cover 
makes it cling longer to the string. 

The service used by Whitman has the reverse twist, his racket 
removes from (his) right to his left, the ball curves from left 
to right, and breaks again to the .left as it leaves the ground. 
Davis's service has the same curves and the same effect as Whit- 
man's, but Davis reaches very much further over the ball, hitting 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 51 

it faster and making it bound deeper. It is an out twist and not 
a reverse twist, however, because Davis plays with his left hand 
and the racket travels away from his body, not across it. The 
service used by Ward and Alexander is an out twist made with 
the right arm, the racket traveling away from the body to the 
(server's) right; the ball curves from right to left, and breaks 
sharply to the right again after leaving the ground. 

In Whitman's case the racket travels across in front of his 
body and the tendency in making this reverse twist is to throw 
the server off his balance, and to make it doubly difficult for him 
to run in to the net to volley the first return. In the case of the 
out twist, it is just the reverse, and Ward is said to have in- 
vented this service in an effort to get the impetus of the racket 
to help him get in motion quicker after serving in his hurry to 
reach the net for the volleying position. 

In each case where this out twist service has been successful 
the server bends very far backward and drops his racket down 
far behind his back before making the stroke. In each case, 
too, he reaches well up over the ball, and the more he hits it 
on top, the more speed he can secure and still make the ball drop 
enough to fall inside of the service court. There is a tendency 
also to ease up slightly on the inside edge of the racket so that 
the strings will follow the ball longer and give it a sharper twist 
in making the stroke. 

This new American twist service is physically very severe on 
its users, and tires the muscles of the back and stomach more 
than those of the arms, because of the sharp bending backward 
as the stroke is made. There is no secret about it, however, 
and the fact that Alexander has successfully learned to use it 
simply through watching Ward make the service and practising 
it steadily is proof that any other player can learn this stroke 
who will give enough time and conscientious effort to learn it. 
The keynote to success, however, lies in hitting the ball well 
on top with a very sharp twist, the ball rolling across the entire 
face of the strings before it leaves it, and in striking it very 
much harder than would be possible to bring an ordinary service 
within the court. 



52 How to Play Lawn Tennis 



How to Build and Keep a Court 

Nothing is more important for the full enjoyment of lawn 
tennis than a satisfactory court, and none of the other accessories 
of the game offers a wider variety. Many important consider- 
ations come up even after the kind of court to be built, and the 
cost, have been decided upon. No matter how much is to be 
spent on the ground, nor what the surface is to be, the most 
important things to consider first are space, light and drainage. 

The back-stop nettings should never be nearer than fifteen feet 
from the lines, and if good players are expected to use the 
court, particularly if tournament matches are to take place on it, 
the space behind the base-line should be 21 feet at each end. At 
the sides at least 6 feet, if possible 12 feet should be allowed 
beyond the side-lines for doubles of each court. A well- 
appointed court for tournament play should be centered in an 
unobstructed space of not less than 60 x 120 feet. Wire back- 
stop netting 10 or 12 feet high should surround it at these 
distances from the lines. If there are two or more courts to- 
gether, there should be at least 12 feet between their side lines, 
and one netting can surround all. 

In selecting a site for a court, a spot should be chosen where 
there is always plenty of sunlight, and where at no time of the 
day does any shadow cross the ground on which the court is to 
be laid. Green or black is a preferable background to play 
against, but any dark and even color will do. A court should 
never be laid out with any very light background within a short 
distance at either end, or close at either side. Nor should a site 
be selected with a badly mixed or moving background. Shade 
trees are useful near a court only if their shadow is a solid one, 
not constantly checkered by flecks of sunlight glittering through 
moving branches, which constantly confuse the players. Never 



How to Play Lawn Tennis ij, 

should they be allowed near enough to cast any shadows on the 
playing surface. 

One more cardinal point should be remembered. The court 
should invariably be laid out north and south — never east and 
west. If this warning is disregarded, the player at one end 
or the other will be hopelessly blinded by the sun. 

The question of drainage is one of the most important consid- 
erations in selecting a site of this kind. On the natural facilities 
depends largely the cost of laying out a good court. If the 
natural soil be sandy and well drained, or if it is on high ground 
Vv^hich slopes away near by, artificial drain pipes will not have to 
be put in, and this saves much of the cost, but if it be thick clay 
that holds moisture long, or on low ground with neighboring 
slopes that drain toward it, the court will be useless for many 
hours after each rainfall unless artificial drain pipes are put in. 

After the site has been selected, it must be decided whether a 
grass or "dirt" court is to be built. If the natural sod is lux- 
uriant and the soil favorable for its growth, or if the court is not 
to be used enough to wear oflf the grass, a turf court will gen- 
erally be found preferable, but if the ground is to be constantly 
in use, the sod will wear off and become "bald" unless there is 
space enough on the lawn to shift the court frequently. 

When good turf cannot be had or will not stand the wear, a 
substitute must be found, and sand or dirt courts are most often 
used. On well-drained land, one can sometimes cut away the top 
surface, level the ground and roll it until well hardened and the 
court is ready for use, but more preparation is necessary to 
build a permanent court that will not be constantly losing its 
proper level. 

For such a court the earth should be cut away to a depth of 
one foot if no drains are required. After leveling it carefully 
with a spirit level, to be sure that the grade is right, a layer of 
jix inches of broken stone should first be laid and pounded down 
hard. Ordinary trap-rock used for macadmizing roads is perhaps 
the best for this purpose, but any broken stone, ranging in sizes 
from a walnut to an ^^%, will answer the purpose. This should 



S4 How to Play Lawn Tennis 

be covered with a three-inch layer of coarse gravel or fine broken 
stone, which should be thoroughly pounded and watered for 
several days before being covered. Before any surface is put on 
the court, the greatest care should be taken to see that the foun- 
dation is perfectly level, or, rather that the center of it is hot 
more than one inch lower than at the ends. Any holes or de- 
pressions that appear from rolling and pounding should be fil/,ftO 
in before it is covered. 

Every well-built court should be graded toward the net, and a 
drain-pipe well-protected with broken stone should be sunk at 
"ight angles to the court, dividing it in halves at the net. To- 
ward this gutter the surface of the court should be drained and 
the drain-pipe in turn should be tilted enough to carry the water 
to one side well off the grounds, into some lower spot, or be 
connected with some sunken hogshead or regular sewer. A sur- 
face grade of one inch is enough to keep the average couit dry, 
The base* lines therefore should be one inch higher than the 
ground at the net, and if the soil is sandy enough to take up most 
of the water from the average rainstorm, no drain but that under 
the net will be necessary. Some players prefer the court to 
drain from end to end, in which case the court should grade 
gradually so that one end is two inches lower than the other. 

If artificial drainage is necessary to keep the court dry, drain- 
pipes can be laid in the foundations of the court. This can be 
done by getting six-inch stone sewer-pipes cut in halves, or stone 
gutters used on tiled roofs, and sinking them in the ground, open 
side up, immediately under the foundation of broken rock. Two 
or three should be placed on each side of the net, parallel with 
the side-lines and graded down toward the center gutter under 
the net. These pipes should be filled with coarse pebbles or 
cracked stones about the size of walnuts, and they keep the 
drains from filling up with earth. The water will then trickle 
through the coarse sand and stones to the pipes and be carried 
down to the main gutter and so off the court. 

The covering for a gravel or sand court should be not less 
than three nor more than six inches in thickness, and of sandy 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 

loam and clay mixed The proportions depend on the quality 
of the clay. If it is very binding and sticky, one part of sand to 
two of clay are preferable, but for the average ingredients they 
should be mixed about four parts of clay to one part of sand. 
When the court is finished, if it is found to be too soft but dry, 
more clay should be added; while if it drains poorly and stays 
muddy too long after rain, or its surface is too sticky for the 
player's feet, more sand should be added on the surface. When 
a court is finally covered, it should be thoroughly watered and 
rolled alternately twice every day for two weeks before it Is 
played on at all, and any depressions or uneven spots corrected 
as fast as they appear from the settling. After the first heavy 
rain-storm it should be gone over and releveled most carefully, 
for then it is most likely to develop new faults. 

The fine seashore sand will seldom be found satisfactory for 
the surface of a court, for it works loose too quickly under the 
players' feet, and can only be made to bind when mixed with a 
larger proportion of clay, which will make the drainage more 
difficult, as water percolates very slowly through clay. If the 
soil upon which a court is being built is very rich and worms 
promise to work through to the surface above and injure the 
court, it is well to lay a layer of fine cinders, those from a rail- 
road engine preferred, between the foundation and the sandy 
surface layer. These cinders effectually prevent worms from 
coming through to the surface. It is also well to use coarse 
sifted ashes mixed with the stones in the drain-pipes. 
. The construction of a grass court is less difficult, but varies 
much more in process. If cost need not be considered, it should 
be built by a professional, and will be laid on deep-laid founda- 
tions ; if it is desired to build an economical court on an available 
lawn which is fairly level, the cost will not be heavy. The sod 
should first be carefully removed in squares of about eighteen 
inches, from a space at least 50 by 100 feet, cutting down to a 
depth of about six inches. The ground should then be turned 
with a spade to a depth of eighteen inches or two feet, and after 
all stones have been removed, and the earth carefully raked over 



5fc How to Ptay Lawn Tennis 

and leveled, it should be packed and rolled with a heavy roller 
It cannot have too much leveling and rolling, and the rolling 
should be kept up for several days with plenty of soaking by rain 
or hose-pipe. Any inequalities which the heavy pressure of the 
roller produces should be filled in or cut down before the sods 
are relaid. 

After the ground has been rolled sufficiently the sods should 
be replaced. In doing this it is important to get the edges close 
together, so that no seams or open cracks can be found. These 
sods should be relaid in the afternoon and well drenched with 
water. The next day the ground should be rolled again ; and 
this should be followed by alternate drenching and rolling for 
several days. Even when the ground finally appears firm and 
level, the court should not be played upon until new blades of 
grass appear in considerable numbers. If depressions appear, 
the sod at that spot should be lifted, fresh earth inserted to the 
proper grade and the sod replaced, watered and rolled till level 
and flat again. 

Bad spots are often found where the grass is thin or where 
malignant weeds obstruct its growth, and in this case fresh sods 
should be bought or cut elsewhere and substituted. Sometimes 
large patches of ground must be renewed in this way, but it will 
be found much less expensive if all the turf is bad to sow the 
new court down with lawn seeds, and seeds will often help out 
thin spots in the grass if the court is not to be used too soon 
after the sowing. It is better to make a grass court in the fall 
whether it is to be sown with seed or sodded. The winter storms 
will then settle it thoroughly, and after a little releveling in the 
spring it will be ready for use. 

Grass seeds should be sown between the middle of March and 
the first of May, or better yet, in the autumn, between the middle 
of Auguit and the first of October. It takes about 20 pecks of 
good lawn seed to cover a space 60 by 120 feet. The sowing 
should be gone over twice, the second time at right angles to the 
first. Clover seeds should be avoided, as this grass does not 
wear well, and guano should not be used for fertilizing, for it 
tends to bring up coarse blades in patches. 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 57 

As soon as the young grass Is high enough to be topped, a 
scythe or sickle should be used, being at first better than the 
mowing machine. After the new grass is well hardened, how- 
ever, the latter should be constantly in use, never less than once 
a week, and in moist warm weather nearly every day. With 
every precaution weeds are sure to appear, but these can gen- 
erally be held in check by constant mowing. The more formidable 
weeds, however, must be cut with a knife one by one about an 
inch below the surface, and care being taken to remove as much 
of the root as possible. A pinch of salt dropped on the cut 
root will generally stop the growth. When the turf becomes 
worn In spots a small shift In the lines of the court will relieve 
vhe pressure and enable the grass to grow again; at the end of 
the season all of the bare patches should be resown. 

There are several other kinds of court sometimes built when 
turf cannot be had. Cinders, clay, concrete, cement and asphalt 
are also sometimes used, while board courts are built under cover 
for winter use. 

Concrete and cement are open to many objections. They are 
very hard on the eyes and legs, and often make the player's 
feet sore; the surface generally wears out the balls and shoes 
quickly, and It Is also liable to crack with frost. Cinder courts 
are cheap and easy to construct, but the surface is so gritty that 
It burns the feet of the players and soon uses up the balls. They 
are also very dirty. Asphalt courts are expensive and much 
affected by heat and cold, sometimes even cracking with the frost. 
In Australia courts have been made of cracked blue-stone, 
while a cheaper substitute has been found In England in what 
is called a brick rubble court. 

Once the court Is finally built and ready for use, it must be 
properly marked out. In every case, unless It be of grass, and 
the lines are to be constantly shifted to prevent bare spots, net- 
posts should be permanently sunk in the ground. They should 
be not less than two feet under the ground nor forty feet apart. 
A double court contains every line used for singles, and so it 
is customary to mark a court for doubles, except occasionally 



58 How to Play Lawn Tennis 

for important tournament matches in singles, when the outside 
lines are left off. In order to lay out a court properly the middle 
of the space should be measured and the two posts set down for 
the net. Then cord should be stretched along one side just inside 
the post and pegs driven down into the ground each 39 feet from 
the net. In order to prove that the side-lines are at right angles 
with the line of the posts where the net is to cross it should be 
proved by measuring with a tape-line or cord the diagonals from 
the opposite net-post to the corner peg at each end of the side- 
line, which should agree. A very useful implement for measuring 
is Spalding's Patent Angle Steel Measuring Tape. With it, any 
one can secure accurate right angles, yet it is also available for 
straight or any kind of measuring. It is 50 feet long, graduated 
in feet, inches and eighths of an inch, and is enclosed in hard 
leat'ier case, with all mountings nickel-plated. The price is $4.00. 

The pegs from the other two corners should be driven down 
y.ext by measuring 2i^ feet at right angles from each end of the 
side-line already planned. Then you have a hollow square, but 
before marking any of the lines it should be proved again. The 
long diagonals, from corner to corner, should be carefully meas- 
ured to agree, in order that the court shall be exactly rectangular, 
not diamond shaped. Each side-line and each base-line should 
be gone over again to prove its length accurate, and then the 
lines of this hollow square should be marked out. If the posi- 
tion of the court is not to be shifted it is a good plan to sink 
small angle plates to mark these four corners so that when a 
hard storm washes away the lines, they will not have to be laid 
out all over again. 

The inner side-lines should be put in next, each parallel with 
the outer lines, and 4^ feet inside, measuring them at the base- 
lines and at the net to prove them parallel. One each of these 
pegs should be driven down just 18 feet from either end, and 
then they should be measured the other way to prove that each 
is 21 feet from the net and 42 feet from that at the opposite 
end. Across from each of these to that on the opposite side 
should be marked the service-lines, and then dividing these 
service-lines in half, the half-court line should be marked, its 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 



59 



distance being 13^ feet from each inner side-line. The court 
will then be completed and ready for use. 

A good dirt court should be swept, watered, rolled and freshly 
marked out after every eight or ten sets of play, and oftener in 
very dry weather, Instantly a depression is discovered it should 
be filled in and roHed down before playing is continued, for it is 
almost as dangerous for the players as the court to continue 
with it uneven. A court should never be rolled in the condition 
^.he players leave it after play. A player's heel raises a little 
fump ; if the roller goes over this before it is swept down even 
again, a hard ridge results and the ball will bound unevenly 
from it. It should be swept over first, until all the lumps are 
leveled down, before the roller is allowed on its surface. 

One of the best sweepers is made of a heavy joist of wood 
with a dozen thicknesses of old jute bagging or coarse cloth 
frayed out at the bottom edges, fastened to its bottom and trail- 
ing on behind it. This should be drawn over the court with a 
handle or rope several times. If it is pushed, the groundsman's 
feet will leave tracks after it; if he goes ahead the sweeper 
will erase them. Before the lines are marked out fresh, the old 
ones should always be swept off with a broom, but if the broom 
is constantly used along the lines in a parallel direction, it wil' 
gradually wear away little grooves in the court where the lines 
are and the balls will bound improperly from them. The sweep- 
ing should be done lightly across the court, at right angles with 
the lines. 

A grass court cannot have too much care. It is advisable to 
wet it thoroughly several times a week and roll it as often. It 
should be watered at night, cut in the morning, and rolled after 
cutting and before watering. The best way to repair a ba,re strip 
of ground is to lay fresh turf, and this should be done in the fall 
or as early as possible in the spring. Good tough turf, laid In 
February or early in March, will be fit for use by the first of 
June. In the early spring grass roots both in new turf and old 
may be greatly benefited by a good dressing of manure well 
worked in, but regular manuring should also be done in the fall. 



6o How to Play Lawn Tennis 

Worm casts are very bad for good tennis turf. Particularly 
in fertile ground or after a storm, the little mounds will appear 
on the sod, and if the roller passes over them or they are trodden 
down little hard lumps are formed which spoil the surface of 
the court. The turf should always be swept before rolling, and 
in rich soil every morning. This scatters the mounds effectually. 
Where it is necessary to get rid of the worms, lime water should 
be sprinkled on the ground. They will then come to the surface 
and can be swept away. 

When a horse mowing machine is used it is well to have the 
horse's hoofs covered with soft pads to prevent their cutting into 
the turf and leaving prints that affect the bound of the ball. The 
groundsman at work on good lawn tennis courts, particularly 
when the turf is soft, and always on a sand court, should be 
required to wear rubber-soled shoes without heels. 



Mow to Play Lawn Tennts ©i 



New Thoughts on Training and Diet 

By Eustace H. Miles. 

[From the London Daily Mail.] 

Before I outline my system of training let me also say that 
1 have put it to very severe tests. It has held good in the sever- 
est heat (in New York) and in the severest cold (in New York, 
Tuxedo, and Montreal). At Montreal I played three complete 
racquet matches (not games) in succession without a break. 
And in the United States I several times played three hard 
tennis matches in one day. Moreover, I can keep up this stan- 
dard of endurance without regular practice of the games. At 
the beginning of last year I lived an almost utterly sedentary life 
for three months, and then went off and played tennis hard for 
two hours. 

Nor have I ever found it necessary, because of the training, 
to discontinue my brainwork, even up to the very day of an 
important competition. Nor have I had a single breakdown, 
or indeed any appreciable staleness — the bugbear of athletes— 
since I changed my diet. 

In diet I do not hold to the absolute ideal, but I never go 
very far from it. A "hygienic ideal" would cut me off from 
most social meals altogether, and also perhaps from all stuffy 
and smoky rooms. So I keep myself slightly on the human 
side of supreme pinkness. I prefer two meals a day, at lo — ii 
and 4 — 5, or (with perhaps a fruit breakfast) at 12— I and 6:30 — 
7:30. But I can eat five meals. 

I do not eat either flesh foods (fish, flesh, or fowl), or meat 
juices (in soups or otherwise), or eggs. Why not eggs? Because 
they do not suit me. Why not flesh foods? For the same rea- 
son and for many others. 

Instead of the undeniably nourishing and stimulating flesh 
foods I substitute what I find to be a not less nourishing basis 
and staple to give me proteid or albumen which shall rebuild 



62 How to Play Lawn Tennis 

the blood and cells of my body and repair its waste. We 
might, indeed, live on proteid matter alone, and with it, with the 
help of a few minerals (e. g., phosphates), renew every cell 
of the body, says Professor Sir Michael Foster. 

Professors Gamgee, Pavy, and Bunge, and Dr. Robert Hutchin- 
son, like most other authorities, insist on the importance of prd- 
teid, and set down our average daily amount at 4 to 5 ounces. 
This amount I easily get from milk-proteid (I use Plasmon), 
cheese, nuts (often milled or in nut-foods), wholemeal bread, 
or biscuits, peas or haricot beans or lentils (sometimes) ; the 
other elements of food I obtain chiefly from fruits, but some- 
times from well-prepared vegetables. 

Stimulants such as tea I do not altogether avoid. I never 
have smoked for more than a few seconds ; all attempts have al- 
ways made me ill. I can eat slowly ; for several days I gave 
my mouthfuls over sixty bites each. 

But to two practices I must adhere — to the deep full upward 
breathing through the nose ; and also to the daily air-and-light- 
bath for the whole body, together with rubbing, self-massage, 
sharp exercises, and stretching exercises. One of the greatest 
shocks of my life was when I was performing thus on the sands 
near Hunstanton and suddenly say two undergraduates looking 
^at. me in fear and wonder from behind a rock. I now air-bathe 
in my bedroom. I can find no air-bath near London, queer 
London. 

As to exercise, I never lift or carry weights except when I 
go shopping with ladies — this I do rarely. I consider that most 
weight-lifting tends to slowness and stiffness. My movements 
are chiefly brisk and full. 

Equally important in my system is muscular relaxing; not 
mere stillness and not mere slackness, but freedom and econ- 
omy. 

Of course, in athletics we should relax most of the unused 

muscles. But I go further. I purposely relax my arms and 

hands, my legs and feet, my neck and spine. I relax my face, 

and smile (when I am alone). Why should I be tense and clench 

' my fist.<« and look almost as fierce as great American millionaires 



How to Play Lawn Tennis 63 

and politicians do in their photographs? I cannot see a reason. 
So I try to look calm and not waste valuable energy in a worse 
than valueless way. 

During brainwork I almost invariably aim at repose of the 
muscles — open channels through which, as through unknotted in- 
dia-rubber pipes, the life-forces may smoothly flow. It is easiest 
to relax during the slow breathing outwards. It seems vital 
for me to relax both before and after great physical or mental 
efforts. That is a personal experience. Here, as with diet, I 
dare not suggest a law. I dare only suggest a plan worth trying. 
Experieni'ia docet. Experience must be our teacher. By their 
fruits ye shall know them. If worry and anxiety be thus re- 
moved, have we not here the cheapest of all nerve sedatives? 

Water seems to me to have at least two distinctive functions. 
Warm water serves to soothe, and to cleanse. Let it be soft, 
whether it be rain-water or water distilled or else softened by 
oatmeal or some "salts," and let it be used with pure soap and 
friction. Cool or cold water serves to invigorate and harden. 
Cool or cold water should be used after warm water. The body 
may be sponged part by part, just as air-baths may be partial. 
And then should follow rubbing, and perhaps exercise, and 
certainly stretching of the limbs. How sadly we need it! 

Sandals may be worn v/henever one has the courage. 

Though one of the greatest pleasures of my life was to have 
done over sixteen hours of hard brainwork in a day — once I 
reached eighteen— yet among the greatest pleasure I also reckon 
the consciousness of energy and endurance, i utterly disbelieve 
in the negative theory of health — that one should not be aware 
of the body. It ought to be a real joy to live. I love to feel 
each muscle tingle and thrill.. I love to have to move briskly 
every now and then especially with the shoulders and the legs, 
from sheer vitality. Sureiy our healthy nerves should be to us 
a joy rivalling the joy from taste or music. 



StKUHE SPALDING 



QUALITY 



Spalding 




IHE SUCCESS we 
have met with in put- 
ting out this racket 
accompanied by the 
broadest guarantee 
ever given on an article of this 
kind is the best evidence as to 
the truth of our assertions re- 
grarding the great care which 
we exercise in watching every 
detail of its manufacture. The 
racket is sold upon its own 
reputation and the Spalding 
Guarantee is your assurance 
of satisfaction. 

The difference between ... 

Styles A and B is in the additional strings remforcmg the 
central portion of the latter. Handles 5 and 5% inches in circum- 
ference. Stringing of clearest and absolutely best quality lambs 
gut. Tag attached to each racket, giving particulars of special in- 
spection. Each racket enclosed in special quality mackintosh cover. 
We use a dogwood insertion in shoulders, after proving to our 
satisfaction, by experience, that it is far superior to cane or 
other material, for the purpose. 



HIa rH/l « EITHER STYLE A OR 
WO. Ijlfi. STYLE B STRINGING. 



Each, $8.00 



WE guarantee Lawn 
Tennis Rackets 
for a period of 30 
days from date of pur- 
chase by the user. The v|j™™ 
Guarantee Tag attached ^^5 
to each Spalding Lawn ^^13 
Tennis Racket reads as follows: If 
this Racket proves defective in work- 
manship or material within 30 days 
from date of purchase, pleasfc return, 
transportation charges prepaid, to any 
Spalding Store, and the defect will be 
rectified. Imperfectly strung Rackets 
will be restrung, and in thi: eveiit of a 
broken frame due to workmanship or 
defective material, the Racket will be 
replaced. Notice.— This Guarantee 
does not apply to Rackets weighing 
less than 13 ounces. 



We urge that at the conclusion of 
play this Racket be rubbed dry, and 
when not in use be covered with a 
Waterproof Cover, placed in a 
Racket Press, and the gut occasion- 
ally varnished. 



T/EEP 



TOUR RACKET IN A. 

DRT PLACE, otkerwtoe 
the Guanuitee Is Told. 



PROMPT mENTION GIVEN TO 

ANT COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES! 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



Prieat in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* tee tpecial Canadian Catalogue, 



Stu?e THE SPALDING 



TRADEMARK TZf 



'Tcrfcct 



Spalding 3 

Haekett and Alexander 
Model Racket No. OGM 



•tTCNTtO JANUANY 3. I SOS 




,ADE in the 

SPALDING 

"Perfect Oval" 

Model with 

walnut throat 
piece, dogwood reinforce- 
ment and vellum wrapped 
shoulders. We claim that 
this is a scientifically per- 
fect lawm tennis racket, and 
the experience of two of the most 
successful players in this country 
who use this racket in their most 
important matches goes far to 
prove the truth of our assertion. 

Handles 5 and 5^ inches in circumference. 
Stringing of clearest and absolutely best qual- 
ity lambs' gut. Each racket is enclosed in a 
special quality mackintosh cover. 

\tl OdVI Spalding "Perfect Oval" 

ilV. VUlfl* hackett- and f,j^ eO AA 

Alexander Model Racket. '^0*vU 



SpaldlnoSSL' 

Oval Model 



Racket 



NO.GME 




j^^!^HIS racket Q 
M >* I made exactly 
m J the same as 

^^^^^ our Gold Medal 

^^•^^ models No. A 
B except as to 

stringing and shape of the 

head, which is made oval 

to meet the demand for 

that shape. > 

The stringing is double 

style, similar to that in thd 

Gold Medal Model No. B. 

Handles 5 and 5% inches in circumference.' 

Stringing of clearest 'and absolutely best qual- 
ity lambs' gut Each racket is enclosed in a 

special quality mackintosh cover. 

1\Ia I^IVIF Spalding Gold Medal 
llU.UlTlIj* Oval Model 



Racket. 



$8.00 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS mi 



Price* in •ffect January 5, 191 1. Subject to chan«« without notice. For Canadian prjce* tee *peoial Canadian CaUlofue. 



sSbKe THE SPALDING 



TRADEMARK "^IllK^^ 



QUALITY 





^TCNVce JATIUARY^ a. 




The Spalding Tennis Rackets 

'J'HE good points in the following rackets can be vouched for by some of the most successful of last season's 
players. In all of them quality of material and workmanship is superb and perfect balance a,ssure(}. 
Each frame made of finest white ash, highly pol- 
ched; combed Spanish cedar handle, leather capped. 
Model GX. Gold Medal shape. Taped shoulders; 

strung with best lambs' gut. This racket is equal 

to the best of any other make. Each,_ $5.Q0 
Model DH. Hand made throughout and strung 

with- special quality lambs' gut. Modeled after 

style racket used exclusively- by some of the 

greatest players in the world. Extra stringing. 

in central portion of racket,. Each^ $5.00 

No. 11. The Tournament. Taped shoulders; 

strung with good quality lambs' gut. A very 

popujar model Each, $4.00 

No. 8. The Slocum. Oval shape, good quality 

frame, strung with special Oriental gut. A very 

superior racket at a moderate price. Extra string- 
_ ing in central portion of racket, ^ach, 83. 6 O 



GUARANTEE 

We guarantee Lawn Tennis Rackets for a period of 
30 days from date of purchase by the user The Guar- 
antee Tag attached to each Spalding Lawn Tennis 
Packet reads as follows: If this Racket proves de- 
I'orkmanship or material within 30 days from date of 
purchase, please return, transportation charges prepaid, to any 
Spalding Store, and the defect will be rectified Imperfectly 
strung Rackets will be restrung, and in the event of a broken 
frame due to workmanship or defective material, the Racket 
will be replaced. 

NOTICE 

This Guarantee does not apply to Rackets weighing less th^n 
13 ounces. 



We urge that at the conclusion of play this Racket be 
rubbed dry. and when not in use be covered with a Water- 
proof Cover, placed in a Racket Press, and the gut occa- 
sionally varnished. 

Keep Your Racket In a D17 Place, OtbecirUe 
The Guarantee is VoM. 



PROItlPT AUENTION GIVEN TO 
ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
• ADDRESSED TO US- 



A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



tSUHE SPALDING 



TRADE-MARK "^K^v^^ 



QUALITY 




PATCNtCD JANUA 



The Spalding Tennis Raclcets 




GUARANTEE 

We guarantee Lawn Tennis Rackets 
for a period of 30 days from date of 
purchase by the user. The Guarantee 
Tag attached to each Spalding Lawn 
Tennis Racket reads as follows: If 
this Racket proves detective in workmanship or 
material within 30 days from date of purchase, 
please return, transportation charges prepaid, to any 
Spalding Store, and the defect will be rectified. Im- 
perfectly strung Rackets will be restrung, and in 
the event of a broken frame due to workmanship or 
defective material, the Racket will be replaced. 

NOTICE 

This Guarantee does not apply to Rackets 1 
ing less than 13 ounces. 



i'gh- 



We urge that at the conclusion of play this 

Racket be rubbed dry, and when not in use be 

covered with a Waterproof Cover, placed in a 

Racket Press, and the gut occasionally varnished. 

Keep Yonr Racket in a Dry Place, 

Otherwise The Guarantee Is Void. 



No. 7. The Oval. Oval shape, good quality white ash 

frame, strung with special Oriental gut. Made with extra 

stringing in central portion of racket. . Each, $2.50 

e===s o g=**:S a (5==*=S) ' ' i 

"THE following rackets are all excellent quality. Frames 

of the finest selected white ash, highly polished, with 

combed Spanish cedar handle, leather capped; stringing of 

good quality Oriental gut. i-h-' 

No. 5. The Lakeside. . , . » Each, $3.0O 
No. 4. The Greenwood. j, . « 1 " 2.00 
No. 3. The Geneva. . , . " I.50 



Spalding Junior Champion Racket 

Made particularly for juvenile use, with small grip and 
in weights from 10 to 12 ounces inclusive, only. Frame 
of selected white ash, highly polished Oriental gut 
stringing. A good playing racket for boys and girls. 
No. OJ. Each, $2. CO 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
AOORESSEO TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



Price* in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices tee (pecial Canadian Catalogue, 



SZ THE $PAL DING(il)TRADEMARK ''ZinT 



Spalding Championship 




Tennis Ball I perfect 



INFLATION 
COVERING 
SEWING 




ON the record made by 
the Spalding Cham- 
pionship Tennis Ball so far 
we are willing to base our 
claims for superiority, and 
wherever the ball is used, 
either in a tournament or 
regular play, we are certain 
our judgment will be con- 
firmed. Absolutely best in 
every particular of manufac- 
ture and made by people who 
have been in our employ, 
many of them, for twenty 
years and over, we place the 
Spalding Championship Ten- 
nis Ball before the most 
critical clientele in the ath- 
letic world with perfect con- 
fidence that it will give ab- 
solute satisfaction.. 

No. 00. Per dozen. $5.00 
Three balls only, . $1.25 
One or two balls. Each, .45 




Wright & Ditson 
Championship Tennis Ball 

No. 5. So well known that com* 
mentas to its qualities is unneces- 
sary. Per dozen, S 5. 50 
On orders for NOT less than 
t gross. Per gross, $60.00 

Tournament Tennis Ball 

No. O. In the manufacture of the 
Spalding Championship Ball only 
those which are absolutely per- 
fect in every particular are allowed to pass, and the "culls" or "throw-outs" are stamped simply 
Tournament and do not bear the Spalding Trade-Mark. These balls will answer for practice or for 
' children's use but should not be used for match play. Per dozen, S3. 60 

. ^ - : Each, .30 




PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
AODRESSEO TO US 



A.G.SPALDING &. BROS, 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF Tins BOOK 



Price* in effect January S, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices (ee ipecial Canadian Catalofue. 



sSBsa THESPALDING(ii)TRADE- MARK^lf 



Spalding Racket Coven 




No. 7 No. GM No. 14 No. 5 

No. O. Brown and mixed colored canvas cover, full s\t€. Each, $ .35 

No. I. Soft felt cover, full size .50 

No. GM. Good quality mackintosh material, and same exactly as we fur- 
nish with our Gold Medal Rackets , Each, $.1 .OO 

No. I 4. Canvas cover, neatly bound, with extra pocket to hold balls, I .OO 



No. 6. 
No. 7. 



Stiff leather, for one raicket. 
Stiff leather, for two rackets. 



Each, 



5.00 
7.00 



English Leather Tennis Bag 




No. I 2. Made of special quality leather and 
with compartments to hold rackets, balls 
and suit. Each, S I 2.00 



No. I. 
No. 2, 



Rackets Restrung 

We make a special-' 
ty of restringing 
rackets of every 
known make. The 
work is done by our 
most scientific 
stringers, and none 
but first quality gut 
is used. When sending 
rackets to us to be re- 
strung- be sure to pre- 
pay charges on the 
package and mark with 
your name and address. 
Write us under separate 
cover full particulars 
regarding restringing. 

Oriental G-:t, White only. 

Each, S I .OO 
Lambs' Gut, White only. 

Each, $l.50 
Best Lambs' Gut. White 

Each. S2.50 





mmmmmm^^^mwmKi 



Rubber Handle Cover 

No. 3. For covering racket 

handles to secure a better grip. Made of pure gum rubber, 

corrugated. Will give excellent satisfaction. Each, 50c. 

Rubber Adhesive Tape for Racket Handle Grip 

No. A. Made especially for this purpose, 1 inch wide. 
Piece 4 feet long in individual box. . Each, J Oc . 

Varnish to Preserve Stringing 

Apply immediately after playing, as it takes a little time to 
dry thoroughly. Two-ounce bottle of special quality varnish, 
complete with good brush in box. Per bottle, 26c. 

Spalding Lawn Tennis Score Books 

Official Lawn Tennis Score Book, paper cover, 16 sets. I Oc . 
Extra Tennis Score Cards, 4 sets. Per dozen, I Oc. 



No. 3. 

only. 

No. 4. Special Expert Stringing, 

White only. Each^3.50 

Racket Presses 

The most effective press in use 

to-day.- Rackets should be kept 

in one of them when not in use 

to prevent warping, especially 

when they have been exposed to 

moisture or used at the seashore. 

No. I R. For one racket. $ I .OO 

No. 5R. Superior quality. Made 

of finely polished walnut, with 

brass fittings. Suitable for 

either one or two rackets. 

Each. $2.60 

Spalding "Club" Racket Press < 

Invaluable for Clubs Conducting Tournaments. 
No. C-P. This is a most substantial affair and 
is arranged for any number of rackets up 
to 24. The proper 
thing for clubs 
where it is necessary 
to keep a number 
of rackets in proper 
shape all the time. 
Each, $25. OO 




PflOMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSEO TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STOBES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



Price, in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to ch«n«« without notice, •'"r C«Mdi»n pric«* ••• «p««i«l CsMdiut Cl4«lofu«. 



sSbSe THE SPALDING 



Spalding Hand Made Nets 



We recommend most strdn^ly 
our hand made nets. Quality 
of material and workmanship 
is absofutely the best, and they are well worth many times the additional cost 
over the ordinary machine made styles on account of their greater durability. If 
posts are placed just 42 or 36 feet apart, nets will fit exactly when drawn taut/ 



j Spalding Patent^Double Center Nets (Hand Made) 




Cat Shows Doable Center Net with No. A Posts and No. 3-0 Center Strap 



These have double twine^^ knitted together from 11 to 13 feet, atcordiin' to the size of the n'^t. Will 
outlast two or more ordinary nets. ^^k. 
White, 21 Thread, Double Court. each]] White, 15 Thread, Double Court. EACH 

42 ft. X 3 ft., double center 13 ft. S6.50 No. 3C. 42 ft. x 3 ft., double center 13 ft..' S6.00 
36 ft. X 3 ft. double center 11 ft. 6. CO It No. 2C. 36 ft. x 3 ft., double center lift. AJ^O 



No. 3D. 



Spalding Canvas Bound Nets NOT Double Centerj 

■Top bound %vith heavy 2-inch canvas strip. 



\Uo. SB.. Double Court, hand made, 42 ft. x3 ft., 21 thread, white. 
1^0. 2B. Double Court, hand made, 36 ft. x3 ft., 21 thread, white. 



Spalding Machine Made Nets 



EacK 



$4.60 
'4.00 




Cut Shows Canvas Bomd Net with No. t Posts and No. 2-0 CcLcer Strap 

Top and bottom bound tvith heavy cotton rope— White, 'fi Top bound with heavy 2-inch canvas strip— White. 
No. I. Single Court, 27 ft, , 12 thread. Each.Sl.OO No. 2A, Double Court, 36 ft., 15 thread. Each, S 1 .76 
No. 2. Double Court, 36 ft., 15 thread. -"1.25 ' , ^ ,. « ^,^ 

No. 3. Double Court, 42 ft. , il5 thread. " 1 .50 ^ No.3A. Doub-<; Court, 42ft.. 15 thread.. 



2.00 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANr COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS Boot 



Pricci in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices «ee special Canadian Catalogue, 



Stu?e THE SPALDING 



TRADEI^ARKTuTiTf 



SPALDING BLACK TWINE CLUB NETS 




Spalding Club Nets— Black Twine (Hand Made) 

Nets are dyed with fast coloring matter and by a special 
process which adds to their durability. Bound at top 
with a doubled band of 8 oz. white duck, 2 in. wide and 
equipped with heavy tarred manilaropes top and bottom. 
No. 2-0. 36 ft. X 3^ ft, 21 thread, double center 

11 ft., black twine, hand made '. " Each, $7.50 
No. 3-0. 42 ft. X 3h ft., 21 thread, double center 

13 ft, black twine, hand made < ' Each, $8.00 
No. 4-0. 36 ft.x3% ft, 30 thread, single center, black 

twine, hand made. . .•«■>- Each, $7.50 
No, 5-0. 42ftx3%ft, 30 thread, smgle center, black 
, twine, hand made. > . ■^^ ^ ;.^Each, $8.00 

Galvanized Steel Cable for Top Cords 

Pull length %-inch galvanized steel cable, five strands 
of seven wires each, twisted tightly. With metal loop 
at each end and manila r©pe ends to fasten to post. 

Each, S3.50 



Posts and No. 3-0 Center Strap 

Spalding Tarred Nets 

Tarred nets are hand made, bound with 10 oz. duck at 
top; furnished with galvanized wire cable instead of or- 
dinary rope top cord. Full measurement as listed below. 
No. 6-0. 33 ft x3Jf ft. 21 thread. Each, $9.00 
No. 7-0. 42ft6in.x3Jift,21thread. " I O.OO 

Spalding Twine Nets for Backstops 

No. 4. Machine Made, White, 50 feet long, 7 feet 
high, 9 thread. . ..■ "■ . Each, S2.50 

No. 5. Machine Made, White, 50 feet long, 8 feet 
high. 12 thread. . ...-^ Each. S3. 50 

No. 5X. Tarred. Machine Made, 50 feet Iong,.8feet 
high, 12 thread. . Each. $4. CO 

Spalding Wood Backstop Post 

No. BS. Backstop Post only; wooden. Each. 9 l'.25 

Spalding Guy Ropes and Pegs 

No. 3. For use with Backstop Posts ; cotton ropes, 
fancy pegs.. For one pair of Posts./ Per set 85c. 



SPALDING "ANCHORED'^ BACKSTOPS 

Method of fastening uprights in ground is similar to that employed with our No. AP Tennis Posts, shown on 
Page 56. This style of construction we consider the most practical of any for first-class tennis equipment 
' * " o »..^. ,..• 



"~" 


V ^b ?! 




! 4V 


2 

20? 

25f 




1 




f-n> 


1 4V 


f 


-124-*— 


— i- 






♦ 




1 4'.1 




1 


■■■w> 


^21- 


4'ii 



Equipment Nc 

No. 4 1 . 376 ft., 8 ft. high, posts 8 ft. apart, in- 
cluding corner posts and gates. Shipping weight, 

3650 lbs ' $285. CO 

For greater or less qoantity than 376 It., add or dedocl al the 
rate oi 63 cents per loot. 

No. 40 I . Same as No. 41, but 10 ft. high, posts I 
weight. 4050 lbs. 

For greater or less qaantity than 376 ft. ol 10 ft. high, add or dedaci at the rate ol 73c. per loot. 
. Prices for the*e sets of "Anchored" Back Stop eqalpment are on board cars New York City, 
■p of theae fences, also bine prints showing location of posts and all details, are fnrnlshed with each order. Any Intelligent 
' aalc followlncr these Instrnctlons can set the fence. We will, however. If desired, supply men to do this work, onr 
ctaars* for which la 98.00 per day and expenses (travellne and board) for two men— man and helper. 



Equipment No. 42 

No. 42. 160 ft.. 8 ft. high, posts 8 ft 
apart, including end and corner posts. 
Shipping weight. 1850 lbs. .$ 1 40.00 
No. 402. Same as No. 42, but 10 ft 
high, posts 8 ft. apart. Shipping 
weight 2050 lbs. . , $ I 60.00 

Complete Instrnctlons for setting 



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ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

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A. G.SPALDING &. BROS, 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COYER 

OF THIS BOOK 



Pricei in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* tee special Canadian CataloBue. 



ACCEPT NO 
SUBSTITUTE 



*:S5^ 



' Spalding 
^^Championship^' 
Tennis Posts 

This style post is in use on 
the courts of the most prom- 
inent clubs in this country. 

The uprights are of heavy 
2-inch japanned steel tubing, 
pointed at lower end so as to 
go 24 inches into ground and 
equipped with wheel at top. 
Ratchet for tightening net 
has a particularly strong lev- 
erage. Iron hooks and cleats 
for fastening ropes. 

By means of triple claw 
clutches, made of heavy 
wrought iron, there* can be 
no shifting or shaking once 



THE SRftLDINGiiJTRADEMARK ''Ziuf 



Spalding "AutO-lOC" 
I Tennis Posts 




pdsts are placed in position, 
and the tighter the net is 
drawn the more rigid the 
posts become. 
iio. A. Per pair, $20.00 





's'^We recommend these posts especially for private 
courts or wherever it is desirable to remove posts 
immediately after play is finished. The "Auto- 
Loc' ' tightening ratchet is a patented device which 
permits the closest adjustment in tightening and 
regulating the height of the net, and locks auto- 
matically and mstantly as soon as released. 

The spade-shaped iron sockets with which 
these posts are equipped are driven into the 
ground in the proper position for the posts, which 
are fitted with iron bases terminating in square 
iron extensions which fit exactly the sockets in 
the spade bases and keep the posts -absolutely, 
rigid when placed in position. When posts are 
removed from sockets there is no projecting 
obstruction, and we furnish a block of wood to 
be inserted in the hole in each socket as soon as 
the posts are taken up. We also furnish hooks 
with handles for removing sockets from ground 
whenever it may be necessary to do so. 
No. AL. Per pair, S I 8.0O 



Spalding 
"Anchored** 

Steel Tennis Posts 

Furnished with the most reli- 
able and rigid method of fasten- 
ing upright posts permanently 
that has ever been brought to 
our attention. Posts are made 
of galvanized steel tubing, 2V 
inches in diameter, and are 
driven into ground where they 
are held securely in place by 
anchor stakes driven through 
sockets on the sides of the posts. 
One post in each pair is fitted 
with a special ratchet for tight- 
ening the top rope and with 
cleat for bottom rope, the other 
post being fitted with twocleats. 
No. AP. Per pair. ^ 1 O.OO 



The Spalding 
Tennis Posts 

Our "Club" Tennis Posts are 
made of best quality 2%-inch 
square ash, nicely polished and 
varnished, equipped with jap- 
anned braces so as to make 
posts absolutely rigid, and when 
set in position the posts extend 
30 inches into the ground. 

We call particular attention 
to the extra heavy brass rat* 
chet with which we equip this 
style post It is made 
after an English de- 
sign, and is the same 
as supplied by our 
London House to some of the 
best clubs in Great Britain. 
No. B. Per pair, 9 1 0.OO 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TOl 

ANT COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



fOR COMPLETE LIST OP STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

Of THIS BOO! 



Price, in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price, .ee .pecial Canadian Catalogue, 



fORESlI 
'ER I 



ACCEPT NO 
SUBSTITUTE 



ETHESPALDINGt l DTRADEMARK^'aif 



A properly equipped Lawn Tennis Court needs properly made Posts, 
sometliing more tlian two sticks of wood 



Spalding 

"Casino" 
Tennis Posts 

No. C. Extra heavy 
square wood posts, 
painted red and nicely 
varnished and striped. 
Pulley wheel at top of 
each post to take top 
cord of net. and reel of 
improved pattern, to 
tighten net, attached to 
one post. Extra heavy 
japanned iron 
brackets to steady 
posts, which ex- 
tend 30 inches into the 
ground when set up. 
Per pair, $7.60 



f Spalding 
.Tennis Poles 

No. E. Finely .polished, 
solid, spiked tennis poles. 
Packed complete with 
guy ropes and peg§. 

Per pair, S2.00 
No. F. Good quality solid 
9 tennis poles. Packed com- 
plete with guy ropes and 
pegs. Per pair. $ I .CO 



Indoor Tennis Poles 

No. G. Made with iron 
base and spike to fit into 
iron plates in the floor. 
■■^ Complete with plates, tees. 

Tguy ropes and everything 
necessary for setting up. 
No. E Per pair. $2.50 no. 



Spalding 
Tennis Posts 

No. D. Square posts 
of wood, handsomely 
painted in red, with 
black striping: jap- 
anned iron bracket 
braces to steady posts, 
which are inserted 24 
inches into the ground. 
No guy ropes are 
necessary with 
these tennis posts, 
Per pair. S4.00 



Spalding "Side Line" Tennis Posts 

No SL. By using these posts it is possible on a court laid out with posts and net for "doubles" to pat 
the net at the proper height for a single court game, and that without takmg down net or removing 
regular double court posts 'Per pair. 7oc. 



Guy Ropes and Pegs for Tennis Nets 

a No. I . Cotton ropes, plain pegs. Set, 25c. 
No. 2. Cotton ropes, plain pegs. Set, 50c 
No. 3. Cotton ropes, fancy pegs. 

Per set. S6c. 
H -ma (No. 3 will answer for Backstop Nets.) 



No. 2. 



Pulleys and Axles 

No. O. Japanned pulleys, complete with axles, 
for top of tennis posts. Per pair. 35c. 




automatically at place set. 



Reels for Tennis Posts 

No. L. "Auto-Loc" Patented Reel 
for Tennis Posts. Made with 
automatic locking ratchet device, 
which makes it possible to adjust 
height of net exactly and locks 



Each. S5.00 




No. R. Regulation style, 
japanned finish, wooden handle. 

Each. Si.60 




Canvas Center Straps 

No. 2-0. This device for holding center of net at regu- 
lation height, three feet, is vastly superior to the ordinary 
center iron ; does not chafe the net, and cannot possibly 
cause the ball to glance off and strike out of court. 

Each, $ I .CO 

No. 3-0. Tournament Pattern, same as No. 2-0, only 
fitted with a turn-buckle, with which height of net can be 
adjusted to a hair. Very desirable for tournament or 
match games Each, SI. 26 

Iron Center Forks 

No. 2. Good quality, iron fork. Each, 9 I .CO 



n 



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ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADORESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS iOOt 



Price* in e«ect January 5. 191 1. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price, tee .pecial CanadUn Catalofua. 



llimii!li-l:;jlill.Ve<( 




Spalding Lawn Tennis and Outing Shoes 




particularly suitable for lAwn Tennis, Yacbtlag and general Oatlng pnrposes. 



No. WB. Low cut. White buck, 
of English tanning. Will not turn 
yellow. Best quality white rubber 
soles. Hand sewed and strictly 
bench made. Per pair, $8.00 



No. AH. High cut, russet leather, 
with best red rubber flat sole. 
Hand sewed and of absolutely 
best grade material throughout. 
Per pair, $6.60 



We recommend also our No. BBH Special Cricket Shoe, 



Ball Shoe, 



No. A. Low cut, russet leather, 
with best red rubber flat sole. 
Hand sewed. Quality same as 
No. AH. Per pair, 85.0O 

and our No. AB Special Basket 



as very suitable indeed for vie as tawn Tennis and Outing Shoes. 




No. CH. High cut, best white can- 
vas, fine quality white rubber flat 
sole. Hand sewed. Pair, S4.60 



No. C. Low cut, best white can- 
vas, fine quality white rubber flat 
sole. Per pair, $3.6 O 



No. D. Low cut, white canvas, 
red rubber flat sole. 

Per pair, 81 .60 



Spalding Sweat Band Useful for players who are obliged to wear eye 
glasses and who are troubled in play with perspiration dropping on them and blur- 
ring the vision. Used by some of the most prominent players. No. I . Each. 60c. 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANr COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BODK 



Prices in effect January 5. 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* »ee special Canadian Catalogue. 



n 



3amM£L(^E^"">^^^^'<-«»a| 



SPALDING'S NEW ATHLETIC GOODS CATALOGUE 



I give an idea of the great variety of ATHLETIC GOODS manufac- 
tured by A. G. SPALDING & BROS. SEND FOR A FREE 
COPY. (See list of Spalding Stores on inside front cover of this book.) 



'HE following selection of items from Spalding's latest Catalogue 

" \THLET1 



Archery sa 

Asli liars 109 

Atbletlc Library , 126-127 
Attachm'ts, ChestWelght HO 



Indoor , . 
Jlidlclne . 
riaygrouod 



Wnter Polo 
Ball Clfnocr. Golt 
Itnndngi'S, Elastic 
Utii' Heirs . . . 
r.nrSlnlU . . . 
liars— 

Horizontal . . 

rnrnlltl . . . 



rmlilns Suits 
Uais— 
l;n«.>nnll 



ns Cage. Dase Ball 



Water I'olo 
Center Forks. Iron 
Center Strops. Canvas 
Chost Weights . - 
Circle. Seven-Foot 
Clock Golf . . 
Coats, Base Ball 
Collars. Swimming 



Cork 



Cross Bars 
Discus. Olympic 



Kmbroidery . , 
Kquestrian Polo 
Eserclser. Home 
Felt Letters ; , 
Prnclnu Sticks 
Field Hockey 



College . . . 
Foul. Base Ball 
Uarking, Goi: . 



College . . . . , 

Foot Hall Goal' Nets' 
Koot Ball Timer . , 
Classes, Base Ball Sun 



Golf . . . 
Handball . 
Hockey. Ice 



Atbletic . . . 

Golf • 

jy Ropes and Pegs 



Kandle Cover. Rubber 
'Inngers for Indian CinlM 109 
tats. Iniversity 



Kole nim. Golf 
•nrse. Vaulting 
Hurdles. Safety 



'"S?ii : : ; 

Knee Protectors . , 
Knli kcrs. Foot Ball 

Lace. Foot Call . . 

Lacrosse . . . . 

I.anes for .Sprints . 

Lawn Howls . . , 

Basc'Balf"". . . 

Cricket . . . . 

Foot Ball . . . 

Letters — i 

Embroidered . , 



Felt 



Equestrian Polo . 

inkeis. Tennis ' ! 
.Masks — 
Base Bail . . , 

Nose .".'.'.'. 
Ma.sseur. .\bdonjlnal 
Mattresses . . , i 

.Base Ball . . , 
Haodhall . . 

Striking Bag . . 

MoDoerams' '. '. '. 
Mouthpiece, Fotrt Ball 






Volley Ball . . , 
Numbers, Competitors' 
■•ads— 

Chamois. Fencing . 



Pennanls. College 



Polo. Roller, Goods . 
Posts- 
Backstop. Tennis 



Indoor Base Ball . . 

Thumb 

'roteclion. Run'ng Shoes 



Foot Ball. Soccer' . . 100 



I CuliV. Tennis Net 



rushl 



. Cha 



ttees. Golf . . . . ; 

Quoits ' 

Racket Covers ... f 
llnckets. Lawn Tennis 48-." 
Racket presses ... ; 
Rackets Restrung . . f 



Keels for Tennis Posts 
ll.terces- Whistle . 
Kings — 

Kxercisiog . . . 



Sacks, for Sack Racing 
Sandow numb Bells 
.Score Books — 

Base B.'iU .... 

Basket Ball , . . 

Crlekct 

Golf 

Score Tablets. Base Bali 



Base Ball . , 
linsket Ball 
nowllng . . 

Clo* . . . , 
Cross Country 
Cricket . . . 
Fencing 



Cricket. Measuring 
Marking. Tennis . 
Measuring Steel . 



Tight 
Atl 
Fu 



iiboggan Cushions 



■apeze. .Vdjustable 

;olIscrs.^v".Vl.C.A. '. 

Batlling . , , 
Velvet .... 

I'mplre Indicator 
Lruforms, Base Ball 
for Gut . . 
Wands. Callsthenic . 

■■ Stop . . 

ngs . . 
56-lb. . . 
Whistles, Referees" 
Spalding Exercisers 
"'■—ling Equipment 






Wrist Machine 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSEO TO OS 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



Pricei in effect January 5, 1911, Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see »pec'-^\ Canadian Catalogue. 



II I3» 



standard Policy 

A Standard Quality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. 

Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a manufacturer to long 
maintain a Standard Quality. 

To market his goods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a profit for the jobber as 
well as the retail dealer. To meet these conditions of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to 
set a proportionately high list price on his goods to the consimier. 

To enable the glib salesman, when booking his orders, to figure out attractive profits to both the 
jobber and retailer, these high list prices are absolutely essential; but their real purpose will have been 
served when the manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured his 
order from the retailer. 

However, these deceptive high list prices are not fair to the consumer, who does not, and, in 
reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices. 

When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading but alluring high list 
prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibilities, and grapples with the situation as best he 
can, by offering "special discounts," which vary with local trade conditions. 

Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer and the jobber are 
assured; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices to the consumer, the keen competition 
amongst the local dealers invariably leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of 
the retailer are practically eliminated. 

This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. -)The jobber insists on lower, and still 
lower, prices. The manufacturer, in his turn, meets this demand for the lowering of prices by the 
only way open to him, viz. : the cheapening and degrading of the quality of his product. 

The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that, ten years ago, in 1899, A. G. Spalding 
& Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic Goods Trade, and inaugurated what 
has since become known as "The Spalding Policy." 

The "Spalding Policy" eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding Goods are concerned, 
and the retail dealer secures his supply of Spalding Athletic G<tods direct from the manufacturer 
under a restricted retail price arrangement by which the retail dealer is assured a fair, legitimate and 
certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and the consumer is assured a Standard Quality and is 
protected from imposition. 

The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the users of Athletic Goods, 
and acts in two ways: 

First — The user is assured of genuine OflScial Standard Athletic Goods, and 

the same fixed prices to everybody, 
Second— As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in purchasing at 
the proper time, the very best raw materials required in the manufacture 
of our various goods, well ahead of their respective seasons, and this enables 
us to provide the necessary quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding 
Standard of Quality. 

All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are required to supply consumers at our 
regular printed catalogue prices — neither more nor less— the same prices that similar goods are sold 
for in our New York, Chicago and other stores. 

All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated exactly alike, and no 
special rebates or discriminations are allowed to anyone. 

Positively, nobody; not even officers, managers, salesmen or other employes of A. G. Spalding 
& Bros., or any of their relatives or personal friends, can buy Spalding Athletic Goods at a discount 
from the regular catalogrue prices. 

This, briefly, is the "Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful operation for the 
past ten years, and will be mdefinitely continued. 

In other words, " The Spalding Policy " is a "square deal " for everybody. 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

By 



standard Quality 

An article that is universally given the appellation **StaJidard" is thereby 
conceded to be the Criterion, to which are compared all other things of a similar nature. 
For instance, the Gold Dollar of the United States is the Standard unit of currency, 
because it must legally contain a specific proportion of pure gold, and the fact of its 
being Genuine is gnaranteed by the Government Stamp thereon. As a protection to 
the users of this currency against counterfeiting and other tricks, considerable money 
is expended in maintaining a Secret Service Bureau of Experts. Under the law, citizen 
manufi. '•ers must depend to a great extent upon Trade-Marks and similar devices 
to protect 'nselves against counterfeit products— without the aid of "Government 
Detectives " or " PubHc Opinion " to assist them. 

Consequently the "Consumei^s Protection " against misrepresentation and "in- 
ferior quality" rests entirely upon the integrity and responsibility of the * 'Manuf actarer." 

A. G. Spalding & Bros, have, by their rigorous attention to "Quality," for thuty- 
three years, caused their Trade-Mark to become known throughout the world as a 
Guarantee of Quality as dependable in their field as the U. S. Currency is in its field 

The necessity of upholding the guarantee of the Spalding Trade-Mark and main- 
taining the Standard Quality of their Athletic Goods, is, therefore, as obvious as is the 
necessity of the Government in maintaining a Standard Currency. 

Thus each consumer is not only insuring himself but also protecting other con- 
sumers when he assists a Reliable Manufacturer in upholding his Trade-Mark and all 
that it stands for. Therefore, we urge all users of our Athletic Goods to assist us in 
maintaining the Spalding Standard of Excellence, by insisting that our Trade-Mark be 
plainly stamped on all athletic goods which they buy, because without this precaution 
our best efforts towards maintaining Standard Quality and preventing fraudulent 
substitution will be ineffectual 

Manufacturers of Standard Articles invariably suffer the reputation of being 
high-priced, and this sentiment is fostered and emphasized by makers of "inferior 
goods," with whom low prices are the main consideration. 

A manufacturer of recognized Standard Goods, with a reputation to uphold and a 
guarantee to protect, must necessarily have higher prices than a manufacturer of cheap 
goods, whose idea of and basfe for a claim for Standard Quality depends principally 
upon the eloquence of the salesman. 

We know from experience that there is no quicksand more unstable than poverty 
in quality— and we avoid this quicksand by Standard Quality. 




PALDING 



ATHLETIC ^LIBRARY 



and is Official and Standard 
Price 10 cents each 



RAND PRIZE 




ST. LOUIS, 1904 



Spalding 



PARIS, 1900 



ATHLETIC GOODS 

ft^RE THE STANDARD OF THE >VORLD 



A. G. Spalding ^ Bros. 

VJAINTAIN WHOLESALE and RETAIL STORES /n the FOLLOWING CITIES: 
NEW YORK CHICAGO ST. LOUIS 

BOSTON MILWAUKEE KANSAS CITY 

PHILADELPHIA DETROIT SAN FRANCISCO 

NEWARK CINCINNATI LOS ANGELES 

BUFFALO CLEVELAND SEATTLE 

SYRACUSE COLUMBUS MINNEAPOLIS^ 

BALTIMORE INDIANAPOLIS ST. PAUL 

WASHINGTON PITTSBURG DENVER 



LONDON, ENGLAND 
BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND 
MANCHESTER, ENGLAND 
EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND 
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA 



Factories owned and o; 
Trade -Marked Afhle 



TLANTA DALLAS 

LOUISVILLE 

NEW ORLEANS 
MONTREAL, CANADA 
TORONTO, CANADA 

& Bros, and where all of Spaldinj/'s 
located in the fo.ltowinj; cities: 



CHICAGO 



FRANCISCO,, CHICOPEE^ 



BROOKLYN BOSTON " PHILADELPHIA LONDON, ENG. 



